To trace individual neurons, Jeff Lichtman of Harvard uses engineered mice whose DNA includes
jellyfish genes so that the cells contain fluorescent proteins.
Over the course of six months, Prasher built libraries of
jellyfish genes from the tissue he collected.
They simply used
the jellyfish gene, which is easily detected, to test whether inserting foreign genes into eggs (so - called germline gene alteration) can produce viable monkeys.
They slipped
the jellyfish gene into a disabled virus, then injected the altered virus into a batch of monkey eggs.
Only one has been found to carry
the jellyfish gene.
Masaru Okabe, a biologist at Osaka University in Japan, engineered these green mice by injecting into mouse embryos
a jellyfish gene that codes for a glowing protein called green fluorescent protein.
Scientists inserted
the jellyfish gene for GFP along with the gene for HIV resistance into a cat egg before it underwent IVF treatment.
Scientists in Japan wanted to see if
the jellyfish gene was inherited by the second generation of a genetically modified monkey.
Not exact matches
The experiments confirmed that the GFP
gene could make an organism light up without the need for any other molecules unique to
jellyfish.
Many scientists in the field, including Ward and Shimomura, still doubted that only one
gene was involved or that GFP could be expressed in organisms other than
jellyfish.
The target fragment binds to a
gene switch in the DNA, which triggers the production of a colourful substance such as the protein that gives
jellyfish a green glow under ultraviolet light, or proteins from bacteria that produce colour changes visible to the naked eye.
The root fluoresces green when the TCSn
gene associated with cytokinin activation is turned on because it is fused with a
jellyfish protein that acts as a reporter signal.
This
gene is associated with cytokinin responses within the plant cells and is fused with a
jellyfish protein that glows green when turned on.
* She combined a marker — a
gene for a
jellyfish protein that fluoresces green — with a DNA sequence that turns on the green fluorescent protein in the presence of thyroid hormones.
Sogin began collecting and sifting through marine organisms — algae, fungi, sponges,
jellyfish, anemones, mollusks — cutting them up and extracting DNA, adding enzymes, concentrating the DNA and sequencing the
genes, reducing them to strips of code, comparing their ribosomal RNA, and applying algorithms to measure their relationship with one another and with insects, worms, fish, birds, and mammals.
Genes very similar to Smed - beta - catenin - 1 are found in animals ranging from
jellyfish to humans, and they have been implicated in posterior tissue specification in frogs, sea urchins and many other animals.
Present in a species of
jellyfish called Aequorea Victoria, this
gene allows the animal to glow green - blue.
Researchers removed the
gene for GFP from
jellyfish, cloned it, and introduced it into the cells of the bacterium E. coli and in C. elegans, a soil nematode widely used as a biological model.
A
gene for green fluorescent protein from the
jellyfish, Aequorea Victoria, has been inserted into the cats» DNA and is used as a marker for cells carrying a second
gene which confers resistance to the feline version of the AIDS virus, the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV).
In a statement, Cartwright said that the parasite also has a much smaller set of
genes than
jellyfish.