Since the moment arm lengths for hip extension appear to be similar between the semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris (long head)(Dostal et al. 1986), this may imply that one muscle in each subgroup is better suited for producing large excursions with high
joint angular velocities while the other may be better suited for performing very forceful muscular contractions over short excursions (see review by Lieber and Fridén, 2000).
Firstly,
joint angular velocities in COD maneuvers are often surprisingly low (Green et al. 2011; Shimokochi et al. 2013), at least in comparison with linear sprinting (Kivi et al. 2002).
Joint angular velocities in Olympic weightlifting are extremely fast, with the knee angular velocity being the fastest of the three joints in the first pull phase, and the hip angular velocity being the fastest of the three joints in the second pull phase.
The highest peak linear velocity and
joint angular velocities are achieved with the lightest loads.
The jump shrug displays highest peak power outputs, peak velocity, peak
joint angular velocities, peak vertical displacement, and peak landing forces with low loads (30 — 40 % of 1RM hang power clean).
In the second pull phase, peak hip, knee and ankle
joint angular velocities are around 420 — 470, 280 — 400, and 210 — 370 degrees / s, respectively (Gourgoulis et al. 2002; 2009; Akkuş, 2012; Harbili, 2012; Harbili & Alptekin, 2014) and are not affected by the load used (Harbili & Alptekin, 2014) or whether the lift was successful (Gourgoulis et al. 2009).
Not exact matches
Outcomes — linear displacement or speed,
angular rotation or
velocity, ground reaction forces,
joint moments
Suchomel et al. (2014e) compared jump shrugs with 40 %, 60 %, and 80 % of 1RM hang power clean and found that the
angular velocities of the hip, knee and ankle
joints were highest with the lowest load used (30 % of 1RM hang clean).
Although peak
velocity is less well - studied, linear barbell
velocity reduces with increasing load (Suchomel et al. 2014a), as do the
angular velocities of the hip, knee and ankle
joints (Suchomel et al. 2014e).
Although the original equations for the force -
velocity relationship were not intended to describe the relationship between
joint moments and
angular velocity, the force
velocity relationship of single
joints does still appear to be hyperbolic and matches the behavior of single muscle fibers fairly closely (Hauraix et al. 2017).
In these systems the force -
velocity relationship is more accurately referred to as
joint torque -
angular velocity relationship.
When isometric external resistance is applied during a
joint action, the dynamometer does not move and
angular velocity is zero.
It can be simply measured using dynamometry by taking multiple measurements in the same dynamometer of the same
joint angle movement, at different
angular velocities.
Dynamometers are machines that provide resistance at a selected, set
angular velocity during single -
joint movements, following the
angular motion of the
joint (Baltzopoulos, 2007).