For the Court of Appeal, this document was «obviously» relevant to proof of the alleged slander: «It would be odd indeed for a trial
judge in a defamation action to have before him or her only a redacted record of an alleged slander».
Not exact matches
By entering the Promotion, each entrant releases and discharges the Sponsor,
judging organization (if applicable), and any other party associated with the development or administration of this Promotion, their parent, subsidiary, and affiliated entities, and each of their respective officers, directors, members, shareholders, employees, independent contractors, agents, representatives, successors and assigns (collectively, «Sponsor Entities»), from any and all liability whatsoever
in connection with this Promotion, including without limitation legal claims, costs, injuries, losses or damages, demands or
actions of any kind (including without limitation personal injuries, death, damage to, loss or destruction or property, rights of publicity or privacy,
defamation, or portrayal
in a false light)(collectively, «Claims»).
Michael Coyle, solicitor advocate at Lawdit Solicitors, says: «The
judge commented that when considered
in the context of
defamation law, therefore, communications of this kind were much more akin to slander than to the usual, more permanent kind of communications found
in libel
actions.»
While Canadian
judges, like their Commonwealth siblings, are unwilling to adopt a New York Times v. Sullivan6 - type approach to
defamation law (which would require public figure plaintiffs to prove actual malice
in order to be successful at trial), doctrinal and technological developments point
in favour of an adapted cause of
action for public figure plaintiffs under Canadian law.
Though the
judge considered numerous factors under this analysis, she was particularly of the view that the appropriate law for multi-jurisdictional online
defamation actions should be the law where the most substantial harm to reputation was incurred, not necessarily the law of each jurisdiction where it is alleged that reputation
in that jurisdiction was damaged.
Although
in the past trial by jury was typical
in defamation actions, the right to jury trial has recently been abolished
in this context, and trial will now be by
judge save
in exceptional circumstances.