Despite the efforts of the above pioneers, along with those of inter-war artists Marcel Jean (1900 - 93), Joan Miro (1893 - 1983) and Andre Breton (1896 - 1966)- see their respective works Spectre of the Gardenia (1936, plaster head, painted cloth, zippers, film strip, Museum of Modern
Art NYC); Object (1936, stuffed parrot, silk stocking remnant, cork ball, engraved map, Museum of Modern Art NYC); and Poem - Object (1941, Museum of Modern Art NYC)- junk art did not coalesce into a movement until the 1950s, when artists like Robert Rauschenberg (1925 - 2008) started to promote his «combines» (a combined form of painting and sculpture), such as Bed (1955, MoMA, New York) and First Landing Jump (1961, combine painting, cloth, metal, leather, electric fixture, cable, oil paint, board, Museum of Modern Art NY
Art NYC); Object (1936, stuffed parrot, silk stocking remnant, cork ball, engraved map, Museum of Modern
Art NYC); and Poem - Object (1941, Museum of Modern Art NYC)- junk art did not coalesce into a movement until the 1950s, when artists like Robert Rauschenberg (1925 - 2008) started to promote his «combines» (a combined form of painting and sculpture), such as Bed (1955, MoMA, New York) and First Landing Jump (1961, combine painting, cloth, metal, leather, electric fixture, cable, oil paint, board, Museum of Modern Art NY
Art NYC); and Poem - Object (1941, Museum of Modern
Art NYC)- junk art did not coalesce into a movement until the 1950s, when artists like Robert Rauschenberg (1925 - 2008) started to promote his «combines» (a combined form of painting and sculpture), such as Bed (1955, MoMA, New York) and First Landing Jump (1961, combine painting, cloth, metal, leather, electric fixture, cable, oil paint, board, Museum of Modern Art NY
Art NYC)-
junk art did not coalesce into a movement until the 1950s, when artists like Robert Rauschenberg (1925 - 2008) started to promote his «combines» (a combined form of painting and sculpture), such as Bed (1955, MoMA, New York) and First Landing Jump (1961, combine painting, cloth, metal, leather, electric fixture, cable, oil paint, board, Museum of Modern Art NY
art did not coalesce into a
movement until the 1950s, when artists like Robert Rauschenberg (1925 - 2008) started to promote his «combines» (a combined form of painting and sculpture), such as Bed (1955, MoMA, New York) and First Landing Jump (1961, combine painting, cloth, metal, leather, electric fixture, cable, oil paint, board, Museum of Modern
Art NY
Art NYC).