To separate
kerygma from myth is the positive function of demythologization.
We agree with HBK that the second alternative is the right one, for only that can prevent
the kerygma from disintegrating into philosophy.
I should answer that such an understanding of the way in which the compilation of the gospel narratives took place, and also of the nature of the material which they contain, delivers us in our preaching of
the kerygma from much that was troublesome and confusing to an earlier generation.
Not exact matches
And on the other hand the historical Jesus can not for methodological reasons be approached in terms of sayings where kerygmatic language occurs, but only in terms of sayings diverging
from the language of the
kerygma.
This parallel has been obscured by the fact that the term «
kerygma» can ambiguously refer both to fragments of primitive Christian preaching embedded in the New Testament text, and to the word of God I encounter
from the pulpit or in my neighbour today.
The Gospels have in their way met this problem, not only by placing the
kerygma on Jesus» lips, but also by presenting individual units
from the tradition in such a way that the whole gospel becomes visible: At the call of Levi, we hear (Mark 2.17): «I came not to call the righteous, but sinners»; at the healing of the deaf - mute, we hear (Mark 7.37): «He has done all things well; he even makes the deaf hear and the dumb speak.»
Nor has anything been more characteristic of recent research than the gradual detection of early kerygmatic fragments in the New Testament, in which the original eschatological meaning of the christological titles used in the
kerygma is still apparent, and is clearly distinct
from their later metaphysical use: Jesus is «exalted» to the rank of cosmocrator with the «name that is above every name,... Lord Jesus Christ», in order to subjugate the universe (Phil.
Hence the classical Protestant distinction between law and grace no longer seems necessarily to separate Jesus
from the Church's
kerygma.
The extent to which the
kerygma continues to reveal the existential meaning of Jesus can be illustrated
from an interesting Pauline passage, I Cor.
This criticism might lead one to suppose that such a method is valid only in terms of the original quest, which largely rejected the
kerygma as a falsification of Jesus, and consequently set Out to distinguish him sharply
from that theological perversion.
There is virtually no teaching on creation, even in the first talk - yet this is a foundational aspect of the Christian
kerygma, and has been
from the earliest times.
Sölle criticizes Bultmann for turning
from Jesus to the witness to Jesus's death and resurrection in his search for the
kerygma.
A good example wd be to consider the differences and obvious growth of Christological understanding in the four gospels.Also, the difficulty is in trying to seperate the
kerygma (the message)
from the meaning (theology)... they're two sides of the same coin
It's true that scholars say M, M, L, and J wrote their gospels «
from the
kerygma», or after salvation.
The evangelist, therefore, is deliberately subordinating the «futurist» element in the eschatology of the early Church to the «realized eschatology» which, as I have tried to show, was
from the first the distinctive and controlling factor in the
kerygma.
For Dodd's approach to succeed, it would be necessary to show that the inclusion of details
from Jesus» life is not part of the adiaphora, i.e. not just one means among others of emphasizing the incarnation, but rather that it is indispensable for conveying the existential meaning of the
kerygma, i.e. is constitutive of the
kerygma as eschatological event.
While theology advanced
from the positions established by Paul and John, the form and language of the Church's worship adhered more closely to the forms of the
kerygma.
And here too, just as in the case of the sermons in Acts (2.22; 10.38), the use of various Jewish and Hellenistic styles of narrating the divine in history» should not mislead us as to the normative kerygmatic significance which is to be maintained throughout this transition
from «
kerygma» to «narrative».
The complete absence
from the
kerygma of a chronology for the public ministry should have been sufficient evidence to indicate that the kind of historicity in which the
kerygma was interested differed basically
from that with which Dodd was occupied.
Nowhere are we closer to the Christian
kerygma: hope is hope of resurrection, resurrection
from the dead.
Comparison with other forms of the
kerygma may enable us to expand the outline with probability; but so much of its content can be demonstrated
from the epistles, and the evidence they afford is of primary value.
As we shall see, this formula is deeply rooted in the
kerygma, and is ultimately derived
from Ps.
In fact, the task of the philosopher appears to me here to be distinguished
from that of the theologian, in the following manner: biblical theology has the function of developing the
kerygma according to its own conceptual system; it has the duty of criticizing preaching, both by confronting it with its origin and by reorganizing it in a meaningful framework, in a discourse of its own kind, corresponding to the internal coherence of the
kerygma itself.
It is true that the
kerygma as we have recovered it
from the Pauline epistles is fragmentary.
I therefore see as converging toward the idea of a post-Hegelian Kantianism the spontaneous restructurings of our philosophical memory and those which proceed
from the shock effect of the
kerygma of hope on the philosophical problematic and on the structures of its discourse.
As the epistles
from which we have quoted belong to the fifties of the first century, they are evidence of prime value for the content of the early
kerygma.
Apart
from faith in the resurrection no
kerygma would have been proclaimed and no Gospel would have been written.
So far, then,
from running away
from Historie and taking refuge in Geschichte, I am deliberately renouncing any form of encounter with a phenomenon of past history, including an encounter with the Christ after the flesh, in order to encounter the Christ proclaimed in the
kerygma, which confronts me in my historic situation.
The last twenty years have witnessed a movement away
from criticism and a return to a naïve acceptance of the
kerygma.
We discern, however, in Matthew and Luke a certain departure
from the original perspective and emphasis of the
kerygma.
It is my aim also to show that the appearance or garb of mythology can to a large extent be removed
from the New Testament
kerygma.
The nativity narratives, on the other hand, which are in formal contradiction to the genealogies (since these trace the Davidic descent of Jesus through Joseph, though he was not, according to the nativity narratives, His father) can not be derived
from the
kerygma.3.
Now, if the Gospel according to Mark may be regarded as based upon an expanded form of the middle, or historical, section, we must observe that this section is not, in Mark any more than in the
kerygma, isolated
from the general scheme.
Can the
kerygma be interpreted apart
from mythology?
(g) The mythological element in the
kerygma is not, we have shown, the importation into the New Testament of ideas
from non-Biblical religions, ideas which could be eliminated or superseded by interpreting the underlying understanding of human life.
From this position at which Bultmann has arrived it is only one step to the «post-Bultmannian» recognition that the actual demythologizing which went on within the primitive Church was the «historicizing» process taking place within the
kerygma and leading to the writing of Gospels, as has been discussed above.
Reading these words, we wonder how directly Ricoeur believes that he can move
from the Resurrection
kerygma to the determinate concrete actions.
Thus the
kerygma proclaims the death in which resides life (Mark 8.35), a
kerygma incarnated in Jesus and therefore shifting terminologically
from Jesus» own eschatological message into the Church's christological
kerygma: this death in which life resides is Jesus» death, and becomes available only in dying and rising with him.
Thus they largely precluded their situation for the following generations, until we today attempt to disengage their historical information about Jesus
from the
kerygma in terms of which they remembered him.
If such encounter is not (like the encounter with the
kerygma) the eschatological event, i.e. «Christian», then one must conclude that the message, intention, self, i.e. person, of the historical Jesus is different
from what the
kerygma says his reality is.
This emphasis in the
kerygma upon the historicity of Jesus is existentially indispensable, precisely because the
kerygma, while freeing us
from a life «according to the flesh», proclaims the meaningfulness of life «in the flesh».
Therefore, far
from the objective and the existential being contraries — as happens when there is too exclusive an attachment to the opposition between myth and
kerygma — it must be said that the meaning of the text holds these two moments closely together.
Bultmann the philosopher argues, jumps directly
from the
kerygma stated in the barest terms, «that God has drawn near to us in Christ,» to faith understood equally starkly as the surrender of my self - will that I may stand radically before God.22 This leap ignores the question of how the actual language of the Bible — in its various literary forms — conveys content, sense, meaning, to
«69 Once this
kerygma is disentangled
from Hellenistic epiphany religion, we see that «the Resurrection, interpreted within a theology of promise, is not an event which closes, by fulfilling the promise, but an event which opens, because it adds to the promise by confirming it.
In a celebrated essay published during World War II, he acknowledged that the classical form of Christian proclamation (
kerygma) in which the living Christ was communicated was couched in terminology drawn
from the now obsolete cosmology of the ancient world.»
For in spite of this factuality of the cross, it would none the less be a purely mythological
kerygma — i.e. a
kerygma speaking of a selfhood which never existed — if the «cross» were looked upon only as a physical, biological occurrence, as accidental or involuntary, i.e. as completely distinct
from his existential selfhood.
In any case, I have taken a narrative
from the Gospels, rather than the apostolic
kerygma, as my illustration of how faith is generated mainly because the Gospels pose the problem of historical veracity much more acutely.
Recurring items in the
kerygma include the statements that Jesus was the promised messiah; that he was crucified, died and was buried; that he was raised
from the dead and exalted to Cod's right hand; that he will come again as judge.
It is interesting that in Romans 10:17 Paul seems to think) of Christ himself as speaking through his messengers, who proclaim the
kerygma: «So faith comes
from what is heard, and what is heard comes through the word of Christ.»
Cross and resurrection, in so far as they have a place in the
kerygma at all, figure only as symbols of detachment
from the world.