Not exact matches
Since 2003 the GRACE satellites had measured
ice loss through variations in the earth's gravitation but only at the fuzzy resolution
of hundreds
of kilometers.
From 1994 to 2003, the overall
loss of ice shelf volume across the continent was negligible: about 25 cubic
kilometers per year (plus or minus 64).
In 2008 a satellite study based on rates
of snowfall and
ice movement estimated a
loss of 210 cubic
kilometers of ice per year — a 59 percent increase in the past decade.
Covering 1.59 million square miles (4.12 million square
kilometers), this summer's sea
ice shattered the previous record for the smallest
ice cap
of 2.05 million square miles (5.31 million square
kilometers) in 2005 — a further
loss of sea
ice area equivalent to the states
of California and Texas combined.
The net
loss in volume and hence sea level contribution
of the Greenland
Ice Sheet (GIS) has doubled in recent years from 90 to 220 cubic
kilometers / year has been noted recently (Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2007).
The coincidence
of this area
loss and a 30 square
kilometer loss in 2008 with abnormal warmth this year, the setting
of increasing sea surface temperatures and sea
ice decline are all part
of a climate warming pattern.
No
kilometers of ice shaved off to cause rebound, although there does appear to have been a fair amount
of sea
ice loss earlier in the twentieth century, principally prior to 1975.
The northern melting will likely add to sea level rise explains lead author, Shfaqat Abbas Khan: «If this activity in northwest Greenland continues and really accelerates some
of the major glaciers in the area — like the Humboldt Glacier and the Peterman Glacier — Greenland's total
ice loss could easily be increased by an additional 50 to 100 cubic
kilometers (12 to 24 cubic miles) within a few years.»
Between April 2002 and April 2006, GRACE data uncovered
ice mass
loss in Greenland
of 248 ± 36 cubic
kilometers per year, an amount equivalent to a global sea rise
of 0.5 ± 0.1 millimeters per year.
Millions
of square
kilometers sea
ice extent Month — last 5 years — baseline End July — 8.73 — 10.10 End Aug — 6.04 — 7.67 End Sep — 5.02 — 7.04 Average — 6.60 — 8.27 Difference 1.67 million square
kilometers (msk) Cumulated
loss = 20 %
This is a decrease from the average rate
of ice loss for June 2010
of -85,210 square
kilometers per day, and is slower than climatology (average
of -84,050 square
kilometers per day for 1979 - 2000).
From July 1 - July 20, the rate
of ice loss averaged -79,810 square
kilometers per day.
The remaining estimates fall into «high» and «low» extent groupings: the low extent group with a range
of 4.2 to 4.7 million square
kilometers, representing a continued
loss of sea
ice extent compared to 2008/2009, and the high extent group
of 5.4 to 5.7 million square
kilometers, suggesting a return to the long - term trend for summer sea
ice loss.
And the decline has accelerated, becoming far more dramatic, since about the year 2000, leading to annual average sea
ice loss of around three million square
kilometers.
The rate
of ice loss during July 2016 was slightly below average at 83,800 square
kilometers (32,400 square miles) per day.
Two contributors forecast a September minimum below that
of 2007 at 4.0 million square
kilometers and 3 contributors suggest a return to the long term downward linear trend for September sea
ice loss (5.5 to 5.6 million square
kilometers).
To put this estimate in context, this is below the 2009 minimum
of 5.4 million square
kilometers and represents a continuation
of the long - term
loss of summer arctic sea
ice.
Other research presented at the meeting reported that Greenland's
ice loss is accelerating by 22 gigatons (22 cubic
kilometers)
of ice a year, with some areas, particularly the edges, losing
ice faster than others.
Wilson (no organization provided); 2.5 Million Square
Kilometers; Statistical and Heuristic Statistical relationship between
ice loss and relative strength
of El Nino is used for the September minimum.
Assuming no unique atmospheric influence on
ice loss in 2010 gives a September minimum
of 5.0 million square
kilometers.