To test whether learning with language impacts which brain networks are involved in stone toolmaking, 15 of the 31 participants learned to
knap stone via verbal instruction by watching videos of a skilled knapper's hands during individual training sessions.
«Conventional wisdom in human evolutionary studies since has supposed that the origins of
knapping stone tools was linked to the emergence of the genus Homo, and this technological development was tied to climate change and the spread of savannah grasslands,» says Dr. Lewis, a Research Assistant Professor at TBI.
The researchers tried
knapping stones themselves to better understand how the tools they found might have been made.
Now, the Lomekwi artifacts show that those ideas are correct and at least one group of ancient hominin started intentionally
knapping stones to make tools long before previously thought.
Conventional wisdom in human evolutionary studies since then has supposed that the origins of
knapping stone tools by our ancestors was linked to the emergence of the genus Homo and that this technological development was tied to climate change and the spread of savanna grasslands.
The changing way we view evidence is a lot like
knapping stone to make a tool.
Not exact matches
We know roughly when that change occurred from experiments in which researchers made their own versions of ancient
stone tools using either their left or right hands to chip — or
knap — the tool into shape, before comparing them with the tools made by early hominins.
The study of the Lomekwi 3 artifacts suggest they could represent a transitional technological stage — a missing link — between the pounding - oriented
stone tool use of a more ancestral hominin and the flaking - oriented
knapping of later, Oldowan toolmakers.
Morgan and University of Liverpool archaeologist Natalie Uomini arrived at their conclusions by conducting a series of experiments in teaching contemporary humans the art of «Oldowan
stone -
knapping,» in which butchering «flakes» are created by hammering a hard rock against certain volcanic or glassy rocks, like basalt or flint.
In testing five different ways to convey Oldowan
stone -
knapping skills to more than 180 college students, the researchers found that the demonstration that used spoken communication — versus imitation, non-verbal presentations or gestures — yielded the highest volume and quality of flakes in the least amount of time and with the least waste.
Dr. Harmand, the lead author, says that the Lomekwi 3 artifacts show that at least one group of ancient hominin started intentionally «
knapping»
stones — breaking off pieces with quick, hard strikes from another
stone — to make sharp tools long before previously thought.
They found
stone artifacts — mostly flakes that were dropped as hominins
knapped rocks to create tools for butchering animals — lying in sediments almost 1.85 million years old.
Relics unearthed in Flores indicate that the hobbits used large
stones as hammers to
knap and chip away at
stone flakes, shaping them into cutting tools.
«The most distinct of the many cultural innovations in the HP culture were the invention of the bow and arrow, different methods of heating raw materials (
stone) before
knapping to produce arrow heads, engraving ostrich eggshells with elaborate patterns, intensive use of hearths and relatively intense hunting and gathering practices,» says Professor Christopher Henshilwood, one of the team members from Wits and Bergen Universities.
They concluded that the techniques used «could represent a technological stage between a hypothetical pounding - oriented
stone tool use by an earlier hominin and the flaking - oriented
knapping behavior of [later] toolmakers.»
Morgan, University of Liverpool archaeologist Natalie Uomini and their team conducted a series of experiments in teaching contemporary humans the art of «Oldowan
stone knapping.»
This population, understandably, was not very skilled at
stone knapping.
Constructed from
knapped or split Norfolk flint, the
stones radiate out from a central nexus like spokes on a wheel, alternating in tone between the chalky white exterior and each flint's darker core.
They use strengths - based processes when engaging Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men, as well as stimulating the re-emergence of cultural practices such as yarning circles,
stone knapping, reading landscapes, and healing traumas from the past.