Empirically, we know that for a particular model, once
you know its climate sensitivity you can easily predict how much it will warm or cool if you change one of the forcings (like CO2 or solar).
I don't think we could ever
know climate sensitivity to the nearest 0.0001 K — that seems fairly obvious.
Empirically, we know that for a particular model, once
you know its climate sensitivity you can easily predict how much it will warm or cool if you change one of the forcings (like CO2 or solar).
In other words, until
we know climate sensitivity precisely, all of this is based on the precautionary principle, except the costs far outweigh the benefits.
So now to calculate the change in temperature, we just need to
know the climate sensitivity.
One protagonist, «niclewis», a well
known climate sensitivity researcher, uses the Jeffreys prior in his estimations.
In other words we don't
know the climate sensitivity.
We know the climate sensitivity to radiative forcing to be about 3 °C per 4 W / m2 of forcing to within something like a 10 % uncertainty, base on current climate modeling and the geological record (see Hansen et al., 2008) for details http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/ha00410c.html The natural (unforced) variability of the climate system is going to remain highly uncertain for the foreseeable future.
Not exact matches
The study's results suggest that
sensitivity to changes in
climate can not be predicted simply by
knowing locations within the species»
climate envelope, she pointed out.
One of
climate science's great quests is to project how much earth warms when carbon dioxide concentrations double — something
known as
climate sensitivity.
By studying the relationship between CO2 levels and
climate change during a warmer period in Earth's history, the scientists have been able to estimate how the
climate will respond to increasing levels of carbon dioxide, a parameter
known as «
climate sensitivity».
The whole CAGW — GHG scare is based on the obvious fallacy of putting the effect before the cause.As a simple (not exact) analogy controlling CO2 levels to control temperature is like trying to lower the temperature of an electric hot plate under a boiling pan of water by capturing and sequestering the steam coming off the top.A corollory to this idea is that the whole idea of a simple
climate sensitivity to CO2 is nonsense and the
sensitivity equation has no physical meaning unless you already
know what the natural controls on energy inputs are already ie the extent of the natural variability.
The IPCC wishes to destroy the world economy and starve the world of energy and food at a cost of $ 76 trillion over the next 40 year's (UN estimate), to keep global temps below 2C, when even their wildly pessimistic and disconfirmed projections (formally
known as predictions) now suggest that
climate sensitivity could be as low as 1.5 C, without spending a dime.
Even if we could determine a «safe» level of interference in the
climate system, the
sensitivity of global mean temperature to increasing atmospheric CO2 is
known perhaps only to a factor of three or less.
If temperatures do not increase, even more so should they fall, we will
know that the case for AGW has been very much over hyped and that
Climate Sensitivity is even lower than even the latest papers are suggesting such that the need to take any action is unlikely.
Myles Allen has posted here, RC planning another
climate sensitivity post, perhaps Myles could spare the time... I
know you're all busy, I
know it's cheeky, but if ya don't ask...;)
As we explain in our glossary item, climatologists use the concept of radiative forcing and
climate sensitivity because it provides a very robust predictive tool for
knowing what model results will be, given a change of forcing.
Specifically, Newell and a co-author from the Air Force named Thomas Dopplick challenged the prevailing view that a doubling of the earth's CO2 blanket would raise temperatures about 3 °C (5 °F)-- a measure
known as
climate sensitivity.
And I want to
know what is the maximum
climate sensitivity so I can bring in global policies to prevent that happening.
I'm not even an amateur
climate scientist, but my logic tells me that if clouds have a stronger negative feedback in the Arctic, and I
know (from news) the Arctic is warming faster than other areas, then it seems «forcing GHGs» (CO2, etc) may have a strong
sensitivity than suggested, but this is suppressed by the cloud effect.
As for the points Ferdinand makes in his (large) comment, I still contend that Ferdinand is misinterpreting the work on
climate sensitivity to various forcings, and the need to make the
sensitivity inference consistent with what we
know about the physics of the system.
Thus it is very important to
know what the real impact of historical solar changes is, as 0.1 K in the past, results in
climate sensitivity for anthropogenic at the high end, while 0.9 K results in a very low effect of anthropogenic, if the instrumental temperature trend of the last 1.5 century is used as reference.
We
know that the
climate sensitivity to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 from the pre-industrial level of 280 parts per million by volume (ppmv) to 560 ppmv (we're currently at 390 ppmv) will cause 2 — 4.5 °C of warming.
For example Knutti et al. 2017 wrote in Nature Geoscience, that in any case greenhouse gas emissions will have to limited,
no matter if the CO2
climate sensitivity value is possibly lower:
A team led by Kate Marvel (among them also the
known climate activist Gavin Schmidt) claimed in February, 2018, in the Geophysical Research Letters that the real temperature trend of the last decades are not suitable for calculating CO2
climate sensitivity.
If we do not
know the thermal response of the earth well enough to
know the size of the solar cycle response how close are we to
knowing the relationship between observable (short term)
climate sensitivity and the long run
sensitivity.
IPCC finds it essentially impossible (yeah, I
know, highly unlikely or whatever) that the
climate sensitivity could be less than 1.5 degrees C for doubling CO2, and 3 degrees C is a best - guess value.
In some sense, though, almost any
known forcing is useful in inferring
climate sensitivity, since the same feedbacks that determine the response to Milankovic also determine response to CO2, though the relative weightings of the different feedbacks are likely to be different.
For example, we
know the past CO2 radiative forcing to very high accuracy, but there are more uncertainties in the aerosol forcing; applying a consistent
climate sensitivity to both CO2 and aerosols, you can get a match to the observed record for a range of different supposed aerosol forcings, but you can't take it too far.
Given that clouds are
known to be the primary source of uncertainty in
climate sensitivity, how much confidence can you place in a study based on a model that doesn't even attempt to simulate clouds?
Wigley et al. (2005b) demonstrate that the analysis method of Douglass and Knox (2005) severely underestimates (by a factor of three)
climate sensitivity if applied to a model with
known sensitivity.
Nic (or anyone else)... would you be able to list all the studies that have used flat priors to estimate
climate sensitivity, so that people
know to avoid them?
Pinning a number on how much global temperature rises in response to a doubling of carbon dioxide —
known as the
climate sensitivity — is a big question in
climate science as it helps more accurately predict how much warming we'll see in future.
Then, if you scale the Antarctic temperature change to a global temperature change, then the global
climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 becomes 2 - 3 degrees C, perfectly in line with the
climate sensitivity given by IPCC (and
known from Arrhenius's calculations more than 100 years ago).
The point of this post is that the ice core data are entirely consistent with what we already
knew (and have
known since 1896 A.D. when Arrhenius published his
climate sensitivity calculations).
James Cutler, FAIA, founding partner of Cutler Anderson Architects, is
known for his environmental and emotional
sensitivity to place, institution, program,
climate, and cultural circumstance.
We can get lulled into a false sense of security with talk that
climate sensitivity might be low or medium (and right now we still don't
know for sure where it is, other than to say the majority of evidence points to medium).
High
climate sensitivity comes mostly from some
climate models, as far as I
know.
And I want to
know what is the maximum
climate sensitivity so I can bring in global policies to prevent that happening.
Hansen for example suggested (at the AGU in dec 2008) that
climate sensitivity is
known more accurately than the other two quantities, whereas the more often heard trade - off (correct me if I'm wrong) is between aerosol forcing and
sensitivity.
Dan has yet to acknowledged is that the fossil record clearly shows that the best value of the
known feedbacks, whatever their «exact» values may be, are included in the IPCC's approximate estimate of the
climate sensitivity, and that this is strongly supported by the GCMs.
Myles Allen has posted here, RC planning another
climate sensitivity post, perhaps Myles could spare the time... I
know you're all busy, I
know it's cheeky, but if ya don't ask...;)
My presentation is designed to give a lay audience a good understanding of how greenhouse gasses work, and why we
know the value of
climate sensitivity.
On a more serious note, the problem for journalists (if they
know what they are doing) in reporting a range of results for
climate sensitivity is that the low end is ho - hum, but the higher end is more interesting.
Other readers here
know better than I, but if we presume that a 3 ˚C per doubling of CO2 is correct for
climate sensitivity then the current level of 395 ppm translates into an actual temperature commitment right now of 1.41 ˚C.
Constraining
climate sensitivity isn't a matter of a few «calculations,» but of considering
known or modeled
climate forcings and responses.
On that front, I'd be curious to
know what you'd propose as a backup plan if the
climate's
sensitivity to CO2 turns out to be higher than you think?
Your attempt to estimate equilibrium
climate sensitivity from the 20th C won't work because a) the forcings are not that well
known (so the error in your estimate is large), b) the
climate is not in equilibrium — you need to account for the uptake of heat in the ocean at least.
I didn't
know that data since 1850 as summarized is essentially useless for estimating
climate sensitivity given that the Earth's radiative heat exchange is not in equilibrium over that period.
A paper on
climate sensitivity today in Science will
no doubt see a great deal of press in the next few weeks.