With respect to the knowing receipt claim, Justice Horkins held that the claim disclosed a reasonable cause of action, as it pled the existence of a trust, a breach of that trust, constructive knowledge of the breach of trust on the part of BMO (
knowledge of facts sufficient to put a reasonable person on notice or inquiry of the breach of trust), and the receipt of trust property by BMO for its own use and benefit by way of service fees associated with the impugned transactions.
Any notification by a copyright owner or a person authorized to act on its behalf that fails to comply with requirements
of the DMCA shall not be considered
sufficient notice and shall not be deemed to confer upon DrC actual
knowledge of facts or circumstances from which infringing material or acts are evident.
In
fact, it pointed out, its own prior published study had shown that «even given the considerable uncertainties in our
knowledge of the relevant phenomena, greenhouse warming poses a potential threat
sufficient to merit prompt responses.
-- A service provider shall not be liable for monetary relief, or, except as provided in subsection (j), for injunctive or other equitable relief, for infringement
of copyright by reason
of the provider referring or linking users to an online location containing infringing material or infringing activity, by using information location tools, including a directory, index, reference, pointer, or hypertext link, if the service provider --(1)(A) does not have actual
knowledge that the material or activity is infringing; (B) in the absence
of such actual
knowledge, is not aware
of facts or circumstances from which infringing activity is apparent; or (C) upon obtaining such
knowledge or awareness, acts expeditiously to remove, or disable access to, the material; (2) does not receive a financial benefit directly attributable to the infringing activity, in a case in which the service provider has the right and ability to control such activity; and (3) upon notification
of claimed infringement as described in subsection (c)(3), responds expeditiously to remove, or disable access to, the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject
of infringing activity, except that, for purposes
of this paragraph, the information described in subsection (c)(3)(A)(iii) shall be identification
of the reference or link, to material or activity claimed to be infringing, that is to be removed or access to which is to be disabled, and information reasonably
sufficient to permit the service provider to locate that reference or link.