Sentences with phrase «known as antigens»

Preventive vaccines work by introducing harmless microbial chemical markers, known as antigens, which resemble the markers on living microbes.

Not exact matches

Santa Monica, California - based Kite is developing chimeric antigen receptor T - cell therapy, known as a CAR T, which harnesses the body's own immune cells to recognize and attack malignant cells.

To target liposomes to certain tissues or cells, such as tumour cells, a specific binder of a unique protein (an antigen) on the targeted cell, known as a monoclonal antibody, must be linked to the liposome surface.

To recapitulate that process, the Ludwig Brussels team engineered a mouse to express a cancer - causing gene and a cancer antigen known as P1A, but only when given a particular drug.

Known as the Fluzone High - Dose vaccine, and made by Sanofi Pasteur, the inactivated influenza vaccine contains four times the amount of antigen that is contained in the standard - dose Fluzone vaccine.

Known as a checkpoint inhibitor, tremelimumab is an investigational monoclonal antibody that «cuts the brakes» of the immune system by targeting cytotoxic T - lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA - 4), a protein that can switch off a patient's immune response.

Early - stage data suggests the investigative LAMP - Vax technology works by fusing tumor antigens to a cellular protein known as LAMP (Lysosomal - Associated Membrane Protein).

Over the past two years, investigators from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have reported results from a human trial in GBM using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, through which patients» own T cells were engineered to track down and kill cancer cells that express a tumor - specific protein known as EGFRvIII.

The engineered cells contain an antibody - like protein known as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which is designed to bind to a protein called CD19 found on the surface of B cells, including the cancerous B cells that characterize several types of leukemia.

Cancer cells may contain mutations in genes that code for antigens, producing misshapen or otherwise altered antigens that are known to scientists as neoantigens.

The modified T cells contain a protein known as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which is designed to target the CD19 protein found on the surface of B cells, including the cancerous B cells that characterize several types of leukemia and lymphoma.

Normally, an immune sentinel known as a dendritic cell would seize an antigen from an invader and present it to another immune cell called a T cell.

Killer T cells recognize tiny, mutated bits of these antigens, known as neoepitopes.

Researchers in the Emory / NYU TBRU, known as TBRU ASTRa are working to eliminate TB through a comprehensive understanding of antigen - specific T cell responses and their relationship to distinct outcomes of TB infection.

«For example, despite matching the ABO blood group antigens during red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, up to 45 percent of chronically transfused patients, such as those with sickle cell disease or thalassemia, develop antibodies to mismatched minor antigens on transfused RBCs; this process is known as alloimmunization.»

Most genes known to be associated with type 1 diabetes — including those currently considered the top two high - risk genes, which are the ones TEDDY screens for — are classified as human leukocyte antigen, or HLA genes.

His team uncovered a genetic element known as a silencer that plays a crucial role in shaping the molecular identity of CD4 cells, as well as the immunological signaling pathways in which CD4 and CD8 molecules participate along with the T cell antigen receptor.

The most potent of these, known as effector memory T cells, are activated by a group of proteins known as human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) on the surface of endothelial cells lining the donated organ's blood vessels.

Although much is known regarding the specificity and efficacy of antibody responses, our knowledge of the function, phenotype, and specificity of the antigen - specific B cells that are responsible for antibody production, as well as for long - term humoral memory, is inadequate.

By analyzing genome sequence data from human populations, including 1269 individuals from sub-Saharan Africa, we identify a diverse array of large copy number variants affecting the host invasion receptor genes GYPA and GYPB We find that a nearby association with severe malaria is explained by a complex structural rearrangement involving the loss of GYPB and gain of two GYPB - A hybrid genes, which encode a serologically distinct blood group antigen known as Dantu.

A healthy GI tract would have thick intestinal lining or villi, and the enterocytes are properly attached to each other, thereby decreasing the passage of bacteria or antigens from the intestine into the blood stream (this is also known as leaky gut).

For instance, a decrease in bifidobacteria populations leads to intestinal hyper - permeability, or leaky gut, which in turn leads to the translocation of metabolic byproducts, food antigens, bacteria, and lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS, an immunogenic cell wall component from Gram - negative bacteria) across the gut barrier into systemic circulation (Rapin & Wiernsperger, 2010).

Just as certain disease - causing agents or foreign substances will cause the body to produce antibodies against them, certain proteins are known to act like antigens in celiac disease patients, causing the body to produce antibodies against them.

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a region of the genome that contains genes that code for a group of cell surface proteins known as Dog leukocyte antigens (DLA).

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a region of the genome in dogs that contains genes that encode a group of cell surface proteins known as Dog leukocyte antigens (DLA).