The researchers used «bait» proteins from over two dozen
known autism genes, fishing in a pool of human DNA for other proteins that would interact with the baits.
Not exact matches
Since many
genes are altered in
autism, the UB scientists
knew a histone modifier might be effective.
Singer now believes that her daughter's
autism was largely caused by
genes, but genetic testing when she was first diagnosed revealed no
known pathogenic deletions or duplications in her genome.
The researchers don't yet
know how exactly these
genes influence social behavior in either bees or people, but manipulating the
genes in honey bees may shed light on what they do in humans, says Alan Packer, a geneticist at the Simons Foundation in New York City, which funds
autism research, including this bee work.
And large, genome - wide studies searching for genetic underpinnings for more common diseases, such as lung cancer or
autism, have pointed to the nether regions of the genome between the protein - producing
genes — areas that were often thought to contain «junk» DNA that was not part of the pantheon of
known genes.
About 10 to 15 percent of people with
autism have a disorder linked to a
known single -
gene mutation, such as fragile X syndrome, or chromosomal alterations.
A mutation in one of the
genes that controls this pathway, PTEN (also
known as phosphatase and tensin homolog), can cause a particular form of
autism called macrocephaly /
autism syndrome.
Both of the new studies found that copy number events involving either duplication or deletion of the 25 to 30 chromosome - 16
genes — several of which are
known to play a role in the developing brain — appear to cause
autism.
We have long
known that
autism itself is genetic, but by combining these different data sets (brain imaging and genetics) we can now identify more precisely which
genes are linked to how the autistic brain may differ.
One such
gene,
known as Shank3, has been linked to both
autism and schizophrenia.
RORA regulates many
genes linked to
autism, including a
gene that influences prenatal testosterone levels, a
known risk factor for
autism.3
For example, we
know that certain
genes are responsible for
autism and can use our model to give us insight into at what point the disorder begins developing.»
Fragile X is the most common
known single -
gene cause of
autism and the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability.
We
know that
autism is a highly genetic condition, and mothers who carry
autism genes are more likely to be anxious and have more diligent personalities.
The Human
Gene module of SFARI
Gene serves as a comprehensive, up - to - date reference for all
known human
genes associated with
autism spectrum disorders (ASD).