Sentences with phrase «known particles called»

But critics point out that MOND can not explain the observed masses of clusters of galaxies without invoking dark matter, in the form of almost massless, known particles called neutrinos.

Not exact matches

The new physics no longer pictures the universe in terms of bits and pieces called particles.

For many quantum physicists these entities are no longer to be called particles.

Leon Lederman, the well - know physicist in his book on the history of particle physics, The God Particle, (GP 175) expresses the unavoidable finitude as a limit of knowledge expressed by what Max Planck called the «quantum of action,» now known as Planck's Constant: «Heisenberg announced that our simultaneous knowledge of a particle's location and its motion is limited and the combined uncertainty of these two properties must exceed... nothing other than Planck's constaparticle physics, The God Particle, (GP 175) expresses the unavoidable finitude as a limit of knowledge expressed by what Max Planck called the «quantum of action,» now known as Planck's Constant: «Heisenberg announced that our simultaneous knowledge of a particle's location and its motion is limited and the combined uncertainty of these two properties must exceed... nothing other than Planck's constaParticle, (GP 175) expresses the unavoidable finitude as a limit of knowledge expressed by what Max Planck called the «quantum of action,» now known as Planck's Constant: «Heisenberg announced that our simultaneous knowledge of a particle's location and its motion is limited and the combined uncertainty of these two properties must exceed... nothing other than Planck's constaparticle's location and its motion is limited and the combined uncertainty of these two properties must exceed... nothing other than Planck's constant, b...

Although few cosmologists seriously doubt that normal matter, made of particles called baryons, makes up only about 5 percent of the universe's total mass - energy budget, the observable matter we know of is still only about half what we'd expect.

A new particle, announced by an international team of researchers in June, calls into question what we know about the composition of matter.

Most carbon emissions linked to human activity are in the form of carbon dioxide gas (CO2), but other forms of carbon include the methane gas (CH4) and the particles generated by such fires — the tiny bits of soot, called black carbon, and motes of associated substances known as brown carbon.

In their paper, «Higgs Seesaw Mechanism as a Source for Dark Energy,» Krauss and Dent explore how a possible small coupling between the Higgs particle, and possible new particles likely to be associated with what is conventionally called the Grand Unified Scale — a scale perhaps 16 orders of magnitude smaller than the size of a proton, at which the three known non-gravitational forces in nature might converge into a single theory — could result in the existence of another background field in nature in addition to the Higgs field, which would contribute an energy density to empty space of precisely the correct scale to correspond to the observed energy density.

Equally striking, if less well known, are the so - called squeezed quantum states: Normally, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle means that one can not measure the values of certain pairs of physical quantities, such as the position and velocity of a quantum particle, with arbitrary precision.

The most powerful known particle accelerator in the universe is not CERN's multibillion - dollar machine but the interstellar dust cloud called the Crab nebula — although how it whips electrons to record - breaking speeds is still a mystery.

Although the LHC will not come anywhere close to detecting strings, it may confirm a precursor theory called supersymmetry, in which every known type of particle has a «superpartner»: an unstable, heavier twin.

B mesons belong to class of subatomic particles that are bound states of quarks and they feel the so - called strong interactions, also known by the colorful name Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).

Einstein explained the so - called photoelectric effect by asserting that light, which was known to flow in continuous waves, could also be regarded as sputtering along in discrete particles, or quanta.

Our understanding of the structure of matter was revolutionized in 1964 when American physicist, Murray Gell - Mann, proposed that a category of particles known as baryons, which includes protons and neutrons, are composed of three fractionally charged objects called quarks, and that another category, mesons, are formed of quark - antiquark pairs.

It's looking for example, I mean, everyone knows that one of the things it's designed to do is look for this particle called the Higgs particle, which is a vital part of the standard model.

For instance, researchers often use so - called «gene guns» to fire particles coated with strands of DNA known as plasmids at large populations of cells.

«Quarks» may be source of quasars» energy — The mysterious nuclear particles called «quarks,» which have not yet been detected but might nevertheless be basic building blocks of the atom's core, could be the source of the tremendous energy generated by the puzzling star - like objects known as quasars....

To fix this, theorists have introduced the concept of supersymmetry, in which each matter particle, known as a fermion, and each force particle, known as a boson, have large - mass counterparts, called superpartners.

But the most pragmatic application could be quantum computing, so - called because such computers would operate according to the physics of subatomic particles, known as quantum mechanics.

Nobody knows exactly what dark matter is, but one hypothesis is that it is formed of still - theoretical particles called axions.

Supersymmetry — or SUSY, as physicists call it — predicts that every particle known to physics has a heavier, «super» partner: For every electron, there's a selectron; for every quark, a squark.

These particles, called micelles, are one type of a class of materials known as nanoparticles.

Physicists have gone through three generations of particle accelerators searching for new particles, posited by a theory called supersymmetry, that would drive the Higgs mass down exactly as much as the known particles drive it up.

Looking at the table of known particles and the experimental data, it was clear that the neutron and proton could be made up of three particles with fractional charges, which I called quarks.

One approach is a generalization of the electroweak theory, called supersymmetry, that associates new particles with all the known quarks and leptons and force particles.

Instead of looking for particular signatures, they wrote software that analyzes all the data and compares them with predictions of the so - called Standard Model, which comprises the known set of laws of particle physics.

The machine, known as the B - factory, will create subatomic particles called B mesons, and their antiparticles, then compare the way that the two particles decay.

For instance, ghostly particles called neutrinos are known to exist and come in three varieties, or flavors.

One track within quantum computer research is therefore to make use of what are known as Majorana particles, which are also called Majorana fermions.

So, Enrico Fermi called them «little neutron» and in Italian that's «neutrino», so they were baby neutrons which were the only other neutral particles at that time they were known.

Known as baryons, all such particles contain a trio of more fundamental particles, called quarks.

Other strongly interacting particles, in addition to protons and neutrons, can theoretically be bound in a nucleus as well, such as so - called hyperons that are also known as «strange» neutrons.

A protein called YTHDF that binds to m6A is known to congregate around the lipid droplets where viral particles are manufactured, slowing the production of new viruses.

Higgs independently realised the field should have a calling card — a particle known as the Higgs boson.

Nobody knows exactly what dark matter is, but one idea is that it is formed of theoretical particles called axions.

This classification remained virtually unchallenged until 2007, when an international team of 400 physicists and engineers known as the Belle Collaboration discovered an exotic particle called Z (4430), which appeared to have two quarks and two anti-quarks.

Such instabilities can cause quickly moving charged particles called «fast ions» to escape from the core of the plasma, which is corralled within machines known as tokamaks.

Protons are essentially accumulations of even smaller subatomic particles called quarks and gluons, which are bound together by interactions known in physics parlance as the strong force.

But we also know that the theory that we have now of how particles behave called the standard model is mathematically inconsistent at high energies.

But there are other things that we've done, you know, for example, in the U.S. one of the things we built is one of the sub-detectors in ATLAS called the calorimeter that measures the energy of these particles.

Many theories in particle physics predict the existence of a so - called «sterile» neutrino, which would behave differently from the three known types and, if it exists, could provide a route to understanding the mysterious dark matter that makes up 25 percent of the universe.

Although HIV researchers knew that intracellular transmission of the virus is a 100 - to 1,000 - times more - efficient means of infection than exposure to free particles called virions, Greene and his colleagues have now shown that cell - to - cell transmission is also more likely to lead to CD4 + T cell death.

The results, demonstrated by scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and collaborators on China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) found that lithium powder can eliminate instabilities known as edge - localized modes (ELMs) when used to coat a tungsten plasma - facing component called the «divertor» — the unit that exhausts waste heat and particles from plasma that fuels fusion reactions.

Known up to now as God Particle, Cloverfield 3 may actually be called Cloverfield Station.

You know the science behind it's called the green house effect when the sun beams down on the earth to provide energy to plants after that it reflects out to space but CO2, H2O (Water Vapor), and AO2 capture these particles and keep them in the earth adding more heat to the earth.

Ever since Herschel we've known that the great heat from the Sun comes to us in the electromagnetic wave / photons / particles whatever you want to call it which is the invisible thermal infrared.

Dark pollution particles popularly known as soot but also called black carbon probably contribute overall to global warming.

Currently, there are two (incompatible) physical theories of gravity (that I know of): Einstein's Relativity theory (space is curved) and a Quantum theory of gravity (gravity consists of particles called gravitons).

Species of cyanobacteria in the genera Synechococcus and Synechocystis are known to be the catalysts of a phenomenon called «whitings», which is the formation and precipitation of fine - grained CaCO3 particles.

But, during times of high aurora activity a process called EPP (Energetic Particle Precipitation) can produce as much as 50 % of the total NO production.