Sentences with phrase «known sequences of genes»

In some cases, the missing pieces can be picked up by comparing the new sequences with known sequences of genes from other species.

Daugharthy first devised an algorithm to locate the sequence of the replica DNA with the known sequence of genes in the human genome.

Not exact matches

People of every nation, color, language, belief, and condition are now known to possess in their body cells trait factors drawn by an inconceivably complex sequence of intercombinations from a common «gene pool.»

In addition both constructs contain the constitutive Ubi promoter and nos T terminator, the bar gene conferring herbicide tolerance and may contain further sequences of bacterial origin including the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptI) selectable marker gene.

These changes, known as epigenetic modifications, control the activity of our genes without changing the actual DNA sequence.

Biologists now know that the genome sequence holds only a small part of the answer, and that key elements of development and disease are controlled by the epigenome — a set of chemical modifications, not encoded in DNA, that orchestrate how and when genes are expressed.

You need the oligonucleotides to stitch genes together, and as far as I know, most companies will check the order if the sequence represents that of a dangerous virus.»

Based on the transcript sequences, the researchers identified 1,437 new promoters — short DNA sequences where transcription begins — in or between genes, on top of the 1,730 promoters they knew of.

In a 1995 Science paper, Venter's team sequenced the genome of Mycoplasma genitalium, a sexually transmitted microbe with the smallest genome of any known free - living organism, and mapped its 470 genes.

Gene sequencing confirmed that the animals bore an analogous DNA mutation to the one seen in humans, which removes a large chunk of the BIN1 gene, known as exonGene sequencing confirmed that the animals bore an analogous DNA mutation to the one seen in humans, which removes a large chunk of the BIN1 gene, known as exongene, known as exon 11.

Before the consortium came together, he had participated in sequencing the genomes of two vocal learners, a songbird and a parrot, but he knew he couldn't do all of the additional sequencing and analysis work that would be required to identify genes related to vocal learning — not by himself, at least — so he teamed up with Genome 10K, a project aiming to collect genomes for 10,000 vertebrate species.

Berninger and others have previously shown that Sox2, Ascl1, and other transcription factors — proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to control the activity of genes — can induce the nonneuronal «support cells» known as glia to turn into neurons.

Unlike whole - genome sequencing, this assay targets a select set of genes or regions with known associations with lymphoid cancer, allowing for more rapid detection of a variety of mutations.

For most known genes this «messenger» or mRNA is then shuttled off to a ribosome of a cell where its translation into a protein sequence occurs.

To deliver the healthy gene, the team inserted it into an engineered virus called adeno - associated virus 1, or AAV1, together with a promoter — a genetic sequence that turns the gene on only in certain sensory cells of the inner ear known as hair cells.

Suspecting that the other four carried a new Ehrlichia species, the researchers sequenced the bacterial gene in their blood and compared it to a database containing the sequences of known infectious bacteria.

Genome sequencing revealed that the isolated B. pumilus contained three unique gene clusters for the production of antimicrobial peptide compounds known as bacteriocins.

Molecules of dsRNA are known to travel between body cells (any cell in the body except germ cells, which make egg or sperm cells) and can silence genes when their sequence matches up with the corresponding section of a cell's DNA.

These tags are detected and measured using a sensitive DNA analysis technique known as massive, parallel sequencing, providing a quantitative readout of the gene's activity levels.

«Changes in genes» regulation — not in the DNA sequence of genes themselves — were the driving force behind successful metastases in our experiments, and, as far as we know, this is the first genomewide experimental evidence for this phenomenon.»

Like Wray, the scientists estimated the genes» rate of evolution by comparing their DNA sequences in two different species, a technique calibrated to the date when the two species are known to have diverged.

Therefore, we sequenced the whole exomes of 98 HCCs from two hospitals in Taiwan and found that 78 % showed the distinctive mutational signature of AA exposure, accounting for most of the nonsilent mutations in known cancer driver genes.

What we were surprised to find out was that the real differences we could detect in terms of when we did the swap experiments to say which yeast could outperform the other — what we learned was that the GAL1 gene, that the part [of] that, the DNA sequence is outside of the GAL1 gene, it acts as a switch to turn up or turn down GAL1 expression, that had evolved considerably from the ancestral situation; and same for the GAL3.And then what had happened was that each function had been optimized, that GAL3 had sort have been tuned to be sort of a loosely regulated kind of available anytime sensor of galactose and GAL1 had evolved to be an incredibly tightly regulated, in fact, it's the most tightly regulated gene you know of in yeast.

He is using genomic data from living organisms to infer the DNA sequence of ancient genes as part of a growing field known as paleogenomics.

Using sophisticated genetic sequencing technology, King and Yin identified a common set of genes that are controlled by a shared network of genetic regulators known as microRNAs.

To narrow down the suspects in the US Airways crash, the Smithsonian lab's Carla Dove isolated and sequenced a small piece of a mitochondrial gene — known in the field as a DNA bar code.

Finally, they ran the results through a software program that combed through many gene sequences simultaneously, comparing each one with the sequences of known viruses stored in online databases.

Now that the sequence of the PfEMP1 genes and proteins is known, it may be possible to screen for drugs to block the production of the proteins, and so prevent infected cells sticking to capillaries.

He hopes to test samples of martian soil for ancient ribosomal RNA gene sequences that are conserved in all of Earth's known life forms.

Biologists are keen to sequence the nematode's genome because much is already known about the creature's molecular genetics and developmental biology — a state of affairs that should help researchers to assign functions to the genes the sequence reveals.

Scientists have known for years that the genome is riddled with sequences that control gene activity and is not just made up of genes.

The researchers found that over 25 percent of index patients with normal results from commercial testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2, but with families severely affected by breast cancer, could be resolved by sequencing all genes known to be involved in breast cancer.

From its sequence, researchers already knew that the 1918 HA gene resembled that of avian flu viruses.

«This new technology will allow us to sequence all the genes in the genome and obtain a genetic portrait of the children more quickly to know which disease they suffer from and to provide treatment, if available, or when it becomes available.»

The bioethics commission, chaired by Amy Gutmann, president of the University of Pennsylvania, argues that physicians, researchers, and companies marketing DNA tests need to reframe how they think about all of this: While of course no one knows what will be buried in a given gene sequence, the fact that ancillary findings may be part of it should hardly be a surprise.

Canadian researchers conducted a pilot study with 20 newborns to determine the effectiveness of a targeted next - generation sequencing panel that included all 4813 genes currently known to be associated with rare diseases.

Reference materials are critical to properly evaluate the next - generation of gene sequencing and genetic testing methods that will increase the reliability and effectiveness of precision medicine (also known as «personalized medicine»), in which a person's genetic profile is used to create treatments and therapies unique to that individual.

In recent years, CRISPR, a sequence of DNA, has become best known for its use in gene editing, when scientists alter or delete DNA in living organisms.

By performing DNA sequencing of more than 4,000 families affected by neurological problems, the two research teams independently discovered that a disease marked by reduced brain size and sensory and motor defects is caused by a mutation in a gene called CLP1, which is known to regulate tRNA metabolism in cells.

While no one had yet sequenced the full complement of human genes, researchers knew a thing or two about how genes could go awry.

«We suggest to sequence the healthy DNA and that of the tumor of each patient to really know which genes are responsible for the development of cancer,» explains Nikolaev.

One - hundred - ten of the genes had clear similarities in sequence to known antibiotic - resistance genes, the team discovered, and 18 of those were 100 % identical to genes found in human pathogens.

Their classification is based on differences in the DNA sequences of two genes known as gag and env.

These clumps of genes are flanked on each end by DNA sequences known as mobility units, which make them prone to moving between genomes as a whole.

Esparza stresses that no one really knows how the differences between the various subtypes — in the sequence of their env gene, and structure of their gp120 — will affect people's immune responses.

Therefore, to establish the relative frequency of neutralizing clones within the VHH repertoire, individual sequences were aligned to both the known neutralizing VHH sequences and their most likely germ line V gene sequences and the percentage identity to the neutralizing VHH plotted (Fig. 5C, D).

Much of this DNA is no longer capable of moving, but is likely «auditioning» perhaps as a regulator of gene function or in homologous recombination, which is a type of genetic recombination where the basic structural units of DNA, nucleotide sequences, are exchanged between two DNA molecules to repair breaks in the DNA strands.

Other medical sequencing projects will use DNA sequencing to: discover new genes that are involved in common diseases; identify the genes responsible for dozens of relatively rare, single - gene (autosomal Mendelian) diseases; sequence all of the genes on the X chromosome from affected individuals to identify those involved in sex - linked diseases; and survey the range of variants in genes known to contribute to certain common diseases.

Brunner is a co-author of an article in an August 2014 issue of Nature Geneticsabout the study, which identified gene sequences from Populus trichocarpa, commonly known as black cottonwood.

The researchers analyzed DNA sequences known as transposons, or «jumping genes,» which can jump from one part of the genome to another, often duplicating themselves in the process.