You get a VERY different result if you even use a lognormal prior with a standard deviation of 0.65 - 0.85 (which maximizes width /
Kurtosis for a given mean).
Not exact matches
For that, the researchers rely on something called the
kurtosis of a distribution, which measures the size of its tails, or the rate at which the concentration of data decreases far from the mean.
I think there's normally a little more premium in put - selling due to
kurtosis (put buyers are willing to pay more
for downside protection than call buyers speculating on upside).
Kurtosis, fatter tails and higher peaks, or skewness on the distribution can be problematic
for the ratio, as standard deviation doesn't have the same effectiveness when these problems exist.
In particular a more thorough analysis would pay close attention to the
kurtosis of the distribution (i.e., the «fatness» of the distribution's tails) and would perhaps model it through a Generalized Pareto Distribution as is done in Otto et al., 2012
for example.
If Monte Carlo analysis were done on the climate models, I am sure that what we would see is pretty much equal probability
for any outcome — ie flat
kurtosis.
All scales met skewness and
kurtosis criteria
for normal distribution.
Subsequently, FR - EXT scores were computed by filling in the following regression equation: FR - EXT
for externalizing behaviors = SAD mother + SAD father + ASB mother + ASB father, FR - EXT ranged from 0 to 8 (skewness 3.78,
kurtosis, 17.63).
All variables demonstrated acceptable levels of skewness and
kurtosis with the exception of suicide ideation, which was transformed using the log - likelihood method to correct
for non-normality.
Using the cutoffs of two and seven
for skew and
kurtosis, respectively (West, Finch, & Curran, 1995), all variables were normally distributed.
Kurtosis scores ranged from -0.33 (Distraction) to 0.28 (Forgetting)
for the adaptive strategies and from -0.06 (Rumination) to 0.12 (Aggressive Actions)
for the maladaptive strategies.
Frequencies
for all the independent and dependent variables were examined to ensure normality in terms of skewedness and
kurtosis.
As the scores
for skewness and
kurtosis are between +1 and − 1
for each scale, the distribution can be treated as normal [41].