Many
of the scales demonstrated weak psychometrics in at least one
of the following ways: (a)
lack of psychometric data [i.e., reliability and / or validity; e.g., HFQ, MASC, PBS, Social Adjustment Scale - Self - Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991
version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60) for some subscales, which calls into question the utility
of using these subscales in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991
version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e)
lack of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «cases»
of a disorder (e.g., depression; CDI, BDI), (f)
lack of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991
version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a factor structure that
lacks clarity across studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the factor structure is often difficult to assess in studies
of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low correlations between respondents such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion
of somatic or
physical symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting studies
of children with pediatric
physical conditions because
physical symptoms may be a feature
of the condition rather than an indicator
of a mental health problem, (k) high correlations with measures
of social desirability, which is particularly problematic for the self - related rating scales and for child - report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure
of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsivity).