Sentences with phrase «land and ocean based»

The issue of land and ocean based oil spills are dwarfed however, when compared to the threat of global warming.

This allows us to compare land and ocean based trends and combine them to compute global trends.

Not exact matches

«These patterns that are based on decadal analysis of modern data, and then the hydroclimate proxies that give the salinity in the oceans and the rainfall on land seem to show the same picture.»

Dolphins and crocodiles now live in rivers and oceans, but each evolved from land - based animals.

Plastic marine litter has its origins in both land - and ocean - based sources, from untreated sewage and industrial and manufacturing sites to ships and oil and gas platforms.

The collection of larger than usual amounts of Arctic winter weather data in 2015 was due to two reasons: the Norwegian research vessel Lance was in the Arctic Ocean observing and collecting upper atmosphere meteorological data, and the frequency of observation and data collection was increased at some of the land - based observation stations around the Arctic.

Accurate tracking of lightning and thunderstorms over the oceans, too distant for land - based radar and sometimes difficult to see with satellites, will support safe navigation for aviators and mariners.

Visitors can enter models of the explorers» base camps and view a computer map of Antarctica outlining the ocean currents around the continent and the land masses and mountains that lie hidden beneath the ice.

Washington, which produces farmed oysters, clams and mussels, is particularly vulnerable to acidification, for two reasons: seasonal, wind - driven upwelling events bring low - pH waters from the deep ocean towards the shore, and land - based nutrient runoff from farming fuels algal growth, which also lowers pH.

Local pressures, in particular overfishing, destructive fishing, and pollution from nearby land - based human activity, are paramount, but global warming has caused increased bleaching and ocean acidification, which makes it harder for corals to grow, compounding the problems, the World Resources Institute (WRI) and 24 other organizations concluded in «Reefs at Risk Revisited,» an update of a 1998 report.

By linking worldwide data on solid waste, population density, and economic status, we estimated the mass of land - based plastic waste entering the ocean.

Its flight path after that was unclear and search efforts were launched in the South China Sea and Indian Ocean, where land - based radar had suggested it may have headed.

Based on a summer monsoon index derived from MSLP gradients between land and ocean in the East Asian region, Guo et al. (2003) found a systematic reduction in the East Asian summer monsoon during 1951 to 2000, with a stronger monsoon dominant in the first half of the period and a weaker monsoon prevailing in the second half (Figure 3.35).

Land based and sea - going human activities are affecting the ocean in both near field and far field.

[Based on the relative concentrations of salts such as potassium and sodium in the cytoplasm of all biological cells and questions regarding the formation of their fatty - acid membranes, however, scientists have also theorized that life began in hot springs on land rather in the oceans (Mulkidjanian et al, 2012; and Colin Barras, New Scientist, March 10, 2012.)-RSB-

Scientific and political leaders have identified the need to improve land - based waste management — particularly in rapidly industrializing economies — as the single most important step we can take to reduce the flow of waste into the ocean.

All of the large animals around Rothera rely on the ocean and particularly on krill as a basis for their diet; there is very little that grows on land.

They wrote that their comparisons of sea - level pressures, sea - surface temperatures and land - based air temperatures provided «consistent evidence for strong» regulation of temperatures by changes in ocean cycles «from monthly to century time scales.»

However, if the remaining ice shelf collapses or starts losing mass more rapidly, it could effectively unplug the glaciers next to the shelf, sending land - based ice into Southern Ocean, and contributing to sea level rise.

Key components of land - based sources include litter, trash and debris from construction, ports and marinas, commercial and industrial facilities, and trash blown out of garbage containers, trucks, and landfills.1 Ocean - based sources, such as, overboard discharges from ships and discarded fishing gear, account for the other 20 %.

This analysis is performed in An observationally based energy balance for the Earth since 1950 (Murphy 2009) which adds up heat content from the ocean, atmosphere, land and ice.

Interactions between the ocean and ice sheets are particularly important in determining ice sheet changes, as a warming ocean can melt the ice shelves, the tongues of ice that extend from the ice sheets into the ocean and buttress the large land - based ice sheets [92], [202]--[203].

Land degradation is also a leading source of land - based pollution for the oceans, as polluted sediment and water washes down major rivLand degradation is also a leading source of land - based pollution for the oceans, as polluted sediment and water washes down major rivland - based pollution for the oceans, as polluted sediment and water washes down major rivers.

Even more crustal minerals were formed by plate tectonics with the help of lubricating ocean water, atmospheric oxygen from the successful development of photosynthetic microbes, and land - based lichens (of algae and fungi) and mosses which were followed by deep - rooted plants that hastened the erosion and weathering of surface rocks with the help of biochemical action and the creation of soils as well as new clay minerals.

Because their reputation is excellant for River Cruises & Small Ship Ocean Cruises we just did a Land Tour with them to try out what a Land Tour is like... and based on that experience, in this post, we want to share with you what it was like & the reasons why we think they are a great addition as a Travel Choice for you on some of your Future Vacations.

It spends eight to ten months a year in the open ocean, diving 1000 to 5000 feet deep for periods of fifteen minutes to two hours, and migrating thousands of miles, twice a year, to its land based rookery for birthing, breeding, molting and rest.

Local Attractions: Flyers Skate Zone 1 mi SandCastle Baseball Stadium 1 mi Beach and Boardwalk 2.5 mi AC Casinos 3 mi AC Convention Center 3 mi AC Medical Center and Community College 3 mi Amtrax 3 mi Greyhound 3mi NJ Transit bus system 3mi Absecon Lighthouse 4 mi Ripleys Believe It or Not 4 mi Steele Pier 4 mi Ocean Life Center 5 mi Social Security office 5 mi The Shore Mall 5 mi Noyes Museum 6 mi Atlantic City Intl Airport 7 mi NJ Tax office 7 mi Air Force Base 8 mi Shore Memorial Hospital 8 mi Stockton State College 8 mi Storybook land 8 mi Hamilton Mall 12 mi Renault Winery 16mi Come and Stay at Ramada West Atlantic City!

How about living under the ocean in a vacuum sealed Underwater Base, fully protected from the hazards of land and sky?

A summer resident of Lubec for over 30 years, she has used the same landscape view from her Maine studio as the basis of a 13 year continuing project to study the energies of ocean, sky, forest and land.

Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)

This in turn gradually causes carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to be removed and stored as land - based permafrost carbon or as deep - ocean CO2.

Others have identified the lags in the southern ocean (which warms more slowly than the northern hemisphere, and northern land in particular) as the source of this time dependence of feedbacks, and we've demonstrated that different forcings have subtly different impacts — to some extent based on their spatial signatures.

«The average global temperature anomaly for combined land and ocean surfaces for July (based on preliminary data) was 1.1 degrees F (0.6 degrees C) above the 1880 - 2004 long - term mean.

Sea level change based on satellite altimetry is measured with respect to the Earth's centre of mass, and thus is not distorted by land motions, except for a small component due to large - scale deformation of ocean basins from GIA.

Many military bases along the US East Coast and Gulf of Mexico are at risk of permanently losing land to the ocean in the decades ahead.

The global warming theory has been based all along on the idea that the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans would absorb much of the greenhouse warming caused by a rise in man - made carbon dioxide, then they would let off that heat and warm the atmosphere and the land.

Based on evidence from Earth's history, we suggest here that the relevant form of climate sensitivity in the Anthropocene (e.g. from which to base future greenhouse gas (GHG) stabilization targets) is the Earth system sensitivity including fast feedbacks from changes in water vapour, natural aerosols, clouds and sea ice, slower surface albedo feedbacks from changes in continental ice sheets and vegetation, and climate — GHG feedbacks from changes in natural (land and ocean) carbon sinks.

Overall of course, we do see higher temperature anomalies over land on a historical basis, owing to the huge modulation role that the ocean plays in the storage of excess energy and the higher humidity levels over the ocean.

SLR satellite data includes things such as the «GIA Adjustment» — which is the amount of SLR that there would have been if the ocean basin hadn't increased in volume and in the case of this new study, how much higher the sea surface would have been if it had not been suppressed by the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption, another correction for ENSO / PDO «computed via a joint cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis of altimeter GMSL, GRACE land water storage, and Argo - based thermosteric sea level from 2005 to present», as well as other additions and adjustments — NONE OF WHICH can actually be found manifested in any change to the physical Sea Surface Height.»

Given ocean surface is over twice land surface and some of the land some of the time is quite wet this drags down the average that CO2 warming can acheive on a global basis.

Indeed, last week we learned from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that the first eight months of 2015 were the hottest such stretch yet recorded for the globe's surface land and oceans, based on temperature records going back to 1880.

Recalling the concern reflected in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled «The future we want», 1 that the health of oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and nitrogen - based compounds, from numerous marine and land - based sources, and the commitment to take action to significantly reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine ecosystems, Noting the international action being taken to promote the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and waste in ways that lead to the prevention and minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, Recalling the Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human healthland - based sources, and the commitment to take action to significantly reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine ecosystems, Noting the international action being taken to promote the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and waste in ways that lead to the prevention and minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, Recalling the Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human healthLand - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human healthLand - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human healthland and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human health; 1.

The magnitude of the dimming was as large as 10 — 20 % (based on a monthly average) over vast areas of land and ocean regions.

This includes maintaining Argo, the main system for monitoring ocean heat content, and the development of Deep Argo to monitor the lower half of the ocean; the use of ship - based subsurface ocean temperature monitoring programs; advancements in robotic technologies such as autonomous underwater vehicles to monitor waters adjacent to land (like islands or coastal regions); and further development of real - or near - real - time deep ocean remote sensing methods.

With a predictable carbon price in place, whose ultimate price is based on performance, the economy will create a market sector that successfully moves pollution emissions from public property (air and ocean) to private property (land) where all the participants are consciously, actively, and willingly engaged.

These are created by combining ship - and buoy - based measurements of ocean sea surface temperatures with temperature readings of the surface air temperature from weather stations on land.

Global warming is evaluated on the basis of the land - ocean temperature record; the impact of adjustments on recent warming is minimal, and on the whole record it is small compared to the total amount of warming.

San Francisco - based consulting and engineering firm URS will conduct the study, which Newsom announced Tuesday, and assess the best time to harness wave - energy, the costs associated with transmitting energy from ocean to land and the efficacy of existing technologies, among other subjects.

First, it appears to me that sea level rise is a proxy for what you experts consider important — ocean expansion due to warming and run - off from melting land - based glaciers, and from what I'm reading in these posts it is a poor proxy.

Ice shelves serve as a crucial barrier to prevent land - based ice sheets as well as glaciers from melting into oceans and increasing sea levels.