Sentences with phrase «land based observations»

Again you may go back to scientific papers of past decades when the issue of land based observations was studied by the scientists as there was not yet much knowledge on the suitability of the available data for calculating averages of the temperature change.

2) loss of land based ice: both land based observations (Glacier National Park for instance) and satellite gravity measurements make it clear that land based ice is decreasing.

The evidence is «equivocal» because it does not agree with limited land based observation of cloud — something that may be a little shortsighted as these changes seem significantly to be associated with sea surface temperature in the tropics and the influences of the northern and southern annular modes.

Not exact matches

The authors then modelled counts of golden eagle observations based on land cover and other environmental factors.

The collection of larger than usual amounts of Arctic winter weather data in 2015 was due to two reasons: the Norwegian research vessel Lance was in the Arctic Ocean observing and collecting upper atmosphere meteorological data, and the frequency of observation and data collection was increased at some of the land - based observation stations around the Arctic.

Results showed that additional data collected that year through more frequent observation of meteorological conditions in the Arctic's upper atmosphere from both land - based research stations and the research vessel Lance plying winter Arctic waters improved the accuracy of cold wave forecasts.

Using JAMSTEC's supercomputer, the Earth Simulator, the research team recreated cold wave forecasts for two cases: 1) when there is more frequent observation and more data available than usual (as in 2015) and 2) a «normal» year with less data collection from land - based stations and no additional research resources available.

NASA and its partners monitor Earth's vital signs from land, air and space with a fleet of satellites and ambitious airborne and ground - based observation campaigns.

Firstly, for land - based volcanoes it is hard to carry out large - scale observations using artificial earthquakes because of the population density, and it is also difficult to detect giant magma buildups with precise visualization because they are often at relatively low depths (roughly 10 km).

NASA monitors Earth's vital signs from land, air and space with a fleet of satellites and ambitious airborne and ground - based observation campaigns.

NASA monitors Earth's vital signs from land, air and space with a fleet of satellites, as well as airborne and ground - based observation campaigns.

Smith, T.M. and R.W. Reynolds, 2005: A global merged land air and sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880 - 1997), J. Clim., 18, 2021 - 2036.

After the success of the made - for - British - TV movie The Naked Civil Servant, which was based on his memoir, Crisp is commissioned by a small theater in Manhattan's Bowery to perform a one - man show; word - of - mouth spreads about his unfiltered wit and shrewd observations about the gay community and cultural zeitgeist at large, which lands him gigs on late - night TV chat shows via his newly acquired agent (Swoosie Kurtz).

Kayakers should obtain the latest weather broadcast provided by the NOAA Weather Service by calling [phone], visiting Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary's Internet Weather Kiosk and by monitoring weather radio on VHF - FM 162.475 MHz (weather station 3) for marine forecasts and VHF - FM 162.55 MHz (weather station 1) and VHF - FM 162.40 MHz (weather station 2) for land - based observations.

Drones present significant advantages over land - based and boat - based observations, because the drone permits to observe killer whales at close distance, with a view from the top, without disturbing their behavior.

His teaching philosophy comes from his personal experience of Active Participation and experiential learning through his work as Indigenous knowledge and wisdom keeper, and observations through land - based pedagogy.

This was expanded by J. Norris, 2005 in time, back to 1952 for sea level clouds and 1971 for land based clouds, and in latitude by surface based cloud observations.

So, in looking at the chart, I note that the orange line (HadISST) is based on sea - surface temperature observations, while the three other lines are (various GISS - E2 - R runs) are land - and - sea model outputs.

Chen, M. Y., Xie, P. P., Janowiak, J. E. & Arkin, P. A. Global land precipitation: a 50 - yr monthly analysis based on gauge observations.

According to Saha et al. (2010), for land - surface analysis, the model - generated precipitation is replaced by the a mix of observation - based (CMAP and CPCU) and model - generated precipitation as forcing data.

By focusing on thermometer - based land observations only, and ignoring other evidence conflicting with their hypothesis, MM04 failed to address basic flaws in their arguments.

MM04 failed to acknowledge other independent data supporting the instrumental thermometer - based land surface temperature observations, such as satellite - derived temperature trend estimates over land areas in the Northern Hemisphere (Intergovernmental Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Third Assessment Report, Chapter 2, Box 2.1, p. 106) that can not conceivably be subject to the non-climatic sources of bias considered by them.

The Climate Analysis and Monitoring theme updates the database with non real - time data on a semi-monthly or as - available basis to bring in observations from BC Hydro, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Forests Lands and Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development's Forest Ecosystem Research network and Environment and Climate Change Canada's data that are not available from the near real - time feed.

As others have noted, the IPCC Team has gone absolutely feral about Salby's research and the most recent paper by Dr Roy Spencer, at the University of Alabama (On the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance), for one simple reason: both are based on empirical, undoctored satellite observations, which, depending on the measure required, now extend into the past by up to 32 years, i.e. long enough to begin evaluating real climate trends; whereas much of the Team's science in AR4 (2007) is based on primitive climate models generated from primitive and potentially unreliable land measurements and proxies, which have been «filtered» to achieve certain artificial realities (There are other more scathing descriptions of this process I won't use).

NASA monitors Earth's vital signs from land, air and space with a fleet of satellites and ambitious airborne and ground - based observation campaigns.

Stegehuis A., Vautard R., Teuling R., Ciais P. Jung M. Yiou, P. (2012) Summer temperatures in Europe and land heat fluxes in observation - based data and regional climate model simulations, in press by Climate Dynamics; doi 10.1007 / s00382 -012-1559-x

Earth Surface: (A) Land - based air temperature observation.

Equivocal evidence is land based cloud observation — which is not really the point.

References: Smith, T. M., and R. W. Reynolds (2005), A global merged land air and sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880 - 1997), J. Climate, 18, 2021 - 2036.

While it is impossible to know what decisions are made in the development process of each model, it seems plausible that choices are made based on agreement with observations as to what parameterizations are used, what forcing datasets are selected, or whether an uncertain forcing (e.g. mineral dust, land use) or feedback (indirect aerosol effect) is incorporated or not.

Chen, M., Xie, P., Janowiak, J. E. & Arkin, P. A. Global land precipitation: a 50 - yr monthly analysis based on gauge observations.

Before you start your GCM experiment you can reasonably assume based on observation that there is a substantial probability (> 25 %) that natural variability can contribute over.45 C of the observed.9 C rise in land temperatures.

The authors use a sea surface temperature data set that has been corrected for biases in sea surface data that arise due to the difference in measurements from ships and buoys, and the authors incorporate a much larger amount of data from land - based observations.

Based on satellite observations of land - locked glaciers in Greenland, the team discovered that though there was a quickening of ice sheet movement in all years, in the warmest ones a slowdown of movement occurred more quickly.

NOAA and NASA independently produce a record of Earth's surface temperatures and trends based on historical observations over oceans and land.

Yes, generalising across Antractica is difficult but it's more than that - it's foolish to claim that you know what land based temperatures are when there's no observations there.

NASA monitors Earth's vital signs from land, air and space with a fleet of satellites, as well as airborne and ground - based observation campaigns.

Global land - surface evaporation estimated from satellite - based observations.

Based on observations from how Bitcoin Core evolved and consolidated its power over time (e.g. removing participants who have proposed alternative scaling solutions), the focus on what Bitcoin is called and defined has landed in the hands of exchanges and really just highlights the distance that Bitcoin has walked away from a «peer - to - peer electronic cash» that initially pitched removing intermediaries.

Based on recent conversations with numerous folks in both categories, Career Brander shares the following observations: Referrals remain the number one way folks land mid or senior level jobs.