Sentences with phrase «land based stations»

My article is in fact not only useful for skeptics... it also indicates an upper limit of problems with land stations: If UAH is correct, problems from UHI (and edjustments etc.) should not be bigger that the difference between UAH - land and the land based stations.

It will be decades before we get a good significant temperature series from pristine land based stations starting in 2008 from USCRN as opposed to temperature data from next to the parking lot in major cites, aka GISS USHCN.

I believe that that is supposedly about the fact that many land based stations were located close to urban areas 100 years ago, and are now in urban areas, that is the world average temperature is supposedly overstated because the weather stations aren't representative.

The land based stations have had their temps «adjusted» to make it appear so, yet weather balloon and satelitte data show there has been no rise in temperatures for approximately the last 20 years.

It chooses a set of land based stations, ignoring the oceans.

Not exact matches

Quantum keys had previously been exchanged between two land - based stations.

The foundation has claimed that part of the land where the research station is based is abandoned.

JAMSTEC researchers have conducted studies that show that the DONET network could detect a coming tsunami as much as 10 to 15 minutes earlier than land - based detection stations along the coast.

The collection of larger than usual amounts of Arctic winter weather data in 2015 was due to two reasons: the Norwegian research vessel Lance was in the Arctic Ocean observing and collecting upper atmosphere meteorological data, and the frequency of observation and data collection was increased at some of the land - based observation stations around the Arctic.

Results of the simulations clearly showed that the additional data collected by the Lance and more frequent collection at land - based stations significantly improved the accuracy of cold wave forecasts.

Results showed that additional data collected that year through more frequent observation of meteorological conditions in the Arctic's upper atmosphere from both land - based research stations and the research vessel Lance plying winter Arctic waters improved the accuracy of cold wave forecasts.

Using JAMSTEC's supercomputer, the Earth Simulator, the research team recreated cold wave forecasts for two cases: 1) when there is more frequent observation and more data available than usual (as in 2015) and 2) a «normal» year with less data collection from land - based stations and no additional research resources available.

The maps below represent precipitation percent of normal (left) and precipitation percentiles (right) based on the GHCN dataset of land surface stations using a base period of 1961 — 1990.

And yes it was originally for landed gentry who could afford custom - built station wagon style vehicles based on a Bentley or Rolls - Royce chassis so they could go hunting in comfort on their estates.

Kayakers should obtain the latest weather broadcast provided by the NOAA Weather Service by calling [phone], visiting Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary's Internet Weather Kiosk and by monitoring weather radio on VHF - FM 162.475 MHz (weather station 3) for marine forecasts and VHF - FM 162.55 MHz (weather station 1) and VHF - FM 162.40 MHz (weather station 2) for land - based observations.

And, while small things like the cloth ear cushions, and big things like the price, stop it from landing a perfect 5 score-wise, we have absolutely zero problem in recommending the Astro A50 Wireless + Base Station if you are on the market for a premium gaming headset.

Speaking of teleporters... the teleporters in space stations now allow players to teleport directly to other stations as well as to their base, making it easy to get back home in case you take one too many portals out into no man's land.

so land on terrain or your base or space station before removing the mod

Current projects include Rule of the Trees, a public art project at Commercial Broadway SkyTrain station and BUSH gallery, a conceptual land - based gallery grounded in Indigenous knowledges.

Perhaps best known as the futuristic vision behind projects like the Umeda Sky Building in Osaka and the Kyoto Station Building, Hiroshi Hara turned literary, philosophical and theoretical texts — ranging from the Chinese classic Zhuangzi and the Greek Odyssey, to mathematical treatises by Leibniz and Poincaré, and from Kafka's The Castle to TS Eliot's «The Waste Land» and Kenji Miyazawa's Night on the Galactic Railroad — into the basis for conceptual architectural / meta - physical sketches on sheets of ethereal tracing paper that covered the walls of the museum.

The first 50 years (my longer term model was based on GISS land station data) had something like a 0.15 C upward trend due to increased solar activity, compared to a ~ 0.10 C anthropogenic contribution.

Second, as Gavin pointed out, the land - ocean temperature index tends to underestimate the truth because it's based on sea surface temperature rather than air temperature, while the meteorological - station index temperature tends to overestimate the truth because land warms faster than ocean.

How to avoid problems with most land - based temperature weather stations: Use lighthouses as thermometers for accurate and unbiased measurement of surface air temperature.

The AARI data include drifting stations and ice information, although not the majority (my fault to see that as «main»), that means that the difference between only land based and total is in warmer sea surface temperatures.

Since many meteorological stations are located in or near large cities, these «urban heat islands» might introduce a spurious trend into temperature records.3 This is the most serious possible source of systematic error to have been identified in land - based data.

Four installations — Naval Air Station Key West, Joint Base Langley - Eustis, Dam Neck Annex, and Parris Island — are at risk of losing between 75 and 95 percent of their land by the end of this century.

Land - based records come mainly from meteorological stations.

The most likely explanation being that the land based thermometer record has become inaccurate due to station drop out, particularly high latitude drop out, a biasing towards airport stations, poor station siting and a failure to properly allow for UHI which is having an ever increasing impact upon post 1960s temperatures because of not simply an increase in urbanisation but also the drop out of rural stations and the ever increasing percentage of airport stations and airports have so greatly changed during the 1970s and 1980s.

The most likely explanation being that teh land based thermometer record has become inaccurate due to station drop out, particularly high latitude drop out, a biasing towards airport stations, poor station siting and a failure to properly allow for UHI which is having an ever increasing impact upon post 1960s temperatures because of not simply an increase in urbanisation but also the drop out of rural stations and the ever increasing percentage of airport stations and airports have so greatly changed during the 1970s and 1980s.

The time series land based thermometer records are hopeless (not simply because of question adjustments and homogenisation, and instrument error bounds) but also because that throughout the time series the stations used with which the data is being compiled, at any one moment of time, is continually changing, so too their spatial coverage, such that at no time is like with like ever comparable.

Other GMST series based on land temperature stations and sea surface temperatures from ships and buoys are now available and are regularly updated, such as those from the Japanese Meteorological Agency and Berkeley Earth.

The GISS team measured temperatures using records from land - based weather stations, and ship and satellite measurements of sea - surface temperature.

These are created by combining ship - and buoy - based measurements of ocean sea surface temperatures with temperature readings of the surface air temperature from weather stations on land.

We still estimating the Artic Sea temps based on land stations hundreds of miles away?

The Palo Verde Nuclear Power Station near Phoenix generates nearly 900 times more electricity than Nevada's Nellis Air Force Base photovoltaic panels, on less land, for 1/15 the cost per kWh — and does it 90 % of the time, versus 30 % of the time for the Nellis array.

The original Escalator was based on the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature (BEST) data, which incorporates more temperature station data than any other data set, but is limited to land - only data; additionally the record terminates in early 2010.

I quickly saw the weakness of their treatment (i.e. lack thereof) of land - based stations for the urban heat island effect (UHIE).

re # 67 My read was that the effects might be strongest in the lowest few meters of the atmosphere, where we happen to take the temperature measurements at the land - based stations.

Estimates of temperature variations near the earth's surface are based on thermometer readings taken daily at thousands of land stations and on board thousands of ships.

First, however, we need to figure out where to land a plane to build a base camp and fuel station in the wilderness.

Not only was the region near the North Pole the warmest it has been during the month of February since at least the 1950s, but one of the northernmost land - based weather stations, known as Cape Morris Jesup, exceeded the freezing mark on an unprecedented nine separate days during the month.

NASA's «GISS» temp uses land and ocean - based thermometers which measure «different parts of the system [UHI affected parking lots, asphalt heat sinks, AC exhaust air vents], different signal to noise ratio [we bias toward warm stations], different structural uncertainty [we «homogenise» our data set to cool the past and warm the present to fit the global warming narrative].»

Tree growth rings, ice cores, weather stations, and other continuous, land - based sources of data help researchers study the effects of natural vs. human contributions to climate change.

It contains quality - controlled monthly climatic time series from 6039 land - based temperature stations worldwide.

So what are the minders of the 1970's technology in orbit doing wrong, that they can't make the very expensive equipment outperform land - based stations as predictors of sea ice trend?

These include measurements taken from land - based temperature stations (mostly using mercury thermometers), ocean buoys, ships, satellites, and weather balloons.

Provisional estimates of average global temperatures based on monthly climatological land - station and sea - surface temperature records have suggested it could be the warmest year on record.

a) If land based (or land and sea) temperature monitoring system, then the stations are too sparse, too homogenized and have too big a separation between them to properly reflect regional (local) climate effects.

Another unresolved problem comes up when extrapolating land - based weather station data far into the Arctic Ocean.

In January 2012, climate researcher Trevor Prowse put questions to the Bureau of Meteorology about the results charted above, making the point that as the 14 tidal stations are mostly free of urban heat effect, all are at sea level and are well scattered around Australia, they may be more accurate than any other land - based data.