Sentences with phrase «land based temperatures»

Yes, generalising across Antractica is difficult but it's more than that - it's foolish to claim that you know what land based temperatures are when there's no observations there.

Ground based temperature outside the US is much less covered, and much of all land based temperature (including US) possibly error laden.

Whether this increase in instantaneous heat production shows up in near surface land based temperature measuring data sets or not, I don't know.

I am one of those people who are very sceptical of the land based temperature record.

Not exact matches

The satellite - based record of land surface maximum temperatures, scientists have found, provides a sensitive global thermometer that links bulk shifts in maximum temperatures with ecosystem change and human well - being.

The authors also found that surface temperatures in the Arctic are more sensitive to the amount of sea ice than to the amount of land - based ice.

They estimated that land - use changes in the continental United States since the 1960s have resulted in a rise in the mean surface temperature of 0.25 degree Fahrenheit, a figure Kalnay says «is at least twice as high as previous estimates based on urbanization alone.»

The P - 3 Orion, based at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, will carry IceBridge's most comprehensive instrument suite: a scanning laser altimeter that measures surface elevation, three types of radar systems to study ice layers and the bedrock underneath the ice sheet, a high - resolution camera to create color maps of polar ice, and infrared cameras to measure surface temperatures of sea and land ice.

Smith, T.M. and R.W. Reynolds, 2005: A global merged land air and sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880 - 1997), J. Clim., 18, 2021 - 2036.

A number of recent studies indicate that effects of urbanisation and land use change on the land - based temperature record are negligible (0.006 ºC per decade) as far as hemispheric - and continental - scale averages are concerned because the very real but local effects are avoided or accounted for in the data sets used.

I used was the surface temperature responses from histAll --(histGHG + histNatural) to obtain the response to aerosols + ozone + land - use and derive the enhancement of the response for that case relative to WMGHGs that I called E. Calculation of TCR based on histAll in a model is approximately the same as calculating the sum of responses to histGHG, histNat, and histInhomogeneous where the latter includes the factor E.

And finally, current theories based on greenhouse gas increases, changes in solar, volcanic, ozone, land use and aerosol forcing do a pretty good job of explaining the temperature changes over the 20th Century.

They wrote that their comparisons of sea - level pressures, sea - surface temperatures and land - based air temperatures provided «consistent evidence for strong» regulation of temperatures by changes in ocean cycles «from monthly to century time scales.»

The climate in most places has undergone minor changes over the past 200 years, and the land - based surface temperature record of the past 100 years exhibits warming trends in many places.

Recent temperature measurements over the past 165 + years based on satellite, marine and land instruments obtained and analyzed by HadCrut, GISS, and Berkeley indicate global temperatures have increased by approximately 1 degree C shown on Figure 7.

You could take the (incorrect) prescription based on the bucket confusion, apply it to the full global temperatures (land included, hmm...) and think that this merits a discussion on whether the whole IPCC edifice had been completely undermined (Answer: no).

Second, as Gavin pointed out, the land - ocean temperature index tends to underestimate the truth because it's based on sea surface temperature rather than air temperature, while the meteorological - station index temperature tends to overestimate the truth because land warms faster than ocean.

Land - based ice in glaciers and ice - sheets will keep contributing to sea level rise as long as melting exceeds snowfall accumulation; stopping the growth of temperature would not stop the net melting.

How to avoid problems with most land - based temperature weather stations: Use lighthouses as thermometers for accurate and unbiased measurement of surface air temperature.

An important point is that the temperature difference between lower latitudes and the Arctic (at least for land based) is smaller now than in the 1930 - 1940's.

The AARI data include drifting stations and ice information, although not the majority (my fault to see that as «main»), that means that the difference between only land based and total is in warmer sea surface temperatures.

«The average global temperature anomaly for combined land and ocean surfaces for July (based on preliminary data) was 1.1 degrees F (0.6 degrees C) above the 1880 - 2004 long - term mean.

If one takes the MBH98 / 99 reconstruction as base, the variation in the pre-industrial period was ~ 0.2 K, of which less than 0.1 K (in average) from volcanic eruptions, the rest mostly from solar (I doubt that land use changes had much influence on global temperatures).

I went ahead and plotted the normalized (HadCRU + GISS) / 2 --(RSS + UAH) / 2 to show the variance between satellite and land - based temperatures.

So, in looking at the chart, I note that the orange line (HadISST) is based on sea - surface temperature observations, while the three other lines are (various GISS - E2 - R runs) are land - and - sea model outputs.

The evidence is «equivocal» because it does not agree with limited land based observation of cloud — something that may be a little shortsighted as these changes seem significantly to be associated with sea surface temperature in the tropics and the influences of the northern and southern annular modes.

«Global surface temperature trends, based on land and marine data, show warming of about 0.8 deg C over the last 100 years.

Since many meteorological stations are located in or near large cities, these «urban heat islands» might introduce a spurious trend into temperature records.3 This is the most serious possible source of systematic error to have been identified in land - based data.

Since the TAR, the observational basis of analyses of extremes has increased substantially, so that some extremes have now been examined over most land areas (e.g., daily temperature and rainfall extremes).

4 Contribution to SLR Melting land base ice Thermal expansion of water due to increase in the temperature.

Kevin Cowtan appears to have discovered that «modeled» «surface» temperature isn't comparable to the «observed» «surface» temperature since the «observed» is a combination of land based (Tmax + Tmin) / 2 and SST measured somewhere between the surface and a few meters below the surface.

But I think that the various anomaly time series with a common time base and the absolute temperature added back into the respective anomaly time series, would clearly expose the denier BIG LIE since it has become quite obvious that the satellite and land surface datasets, while interesting to compare (given we only see anomaly time series comparisons) are in fact measuring two entirely different sets of temperatures (surface vs a few KM above the surface).

One must remember that prior to the endless adjustments to the land based thermometer record, both Phil Jones in 1980 and Hansen in 1981 accepted that the Northern hemisphere temperatures as at 1980 were some 0.3 to 0.4 degC cooler than they were in 1940.

The most likely explanation being that the land based thermometer record has become inaccurate due to station drop out, particularly high latitude drop out, a biasing towards airport stations, poor station siting and a failure to properly allow for UHI which is having an ever increasing impact upon post 1960s temperatures because of not simply an increase in urbanisation but also the drop out of rural stations and the ever increasing percentage of airport stations and airports have so greatly changed during the 1970s and 1980s.

There are no temperature data available in most of the land area on Earth, and so those in charge of the instrumental record just in - fill their guesses (based on computer models) of what they think the temperatures might be.

The most likely explanation being that teh land based thermometer record has become inaccurate due to station drop out, particularly high latitude drop out, a biasing towards airport stations, poor station siting and a failure to properly allow for UHI which is having an ever increasing impact upon post 1960s temperatures because of not simply an increase in urbanisation but also the drop out of rural stations and the ever increasing percentage of airport stations and airports have so greatly changed during the 1970s and 1980s.

The evidence is that the LOD effect impacts the SST much more strongly than the land - based temperature data.

Overall of course, we do see higher temperature anomalies over land on a historical basis, owing to the huge modulation role that the ocean plays in the storage of excess energy and the higher humidity levels over the ocean.

What makes it seem feasible is the fact that the land - based temperature curves referred to have angled up the standstill in the eighties and nineties so it looks like a continuation of the rise in the seventies.

While this is wrong, it is made feasible by the fact that the land - based temperature curves referred to all have angled up the standstill segment so it looks like a continuation of the rise in the seventies.

Surface warming: «Global temperature evolution: recent trends and some pitfalls» «Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends» «Recently amplified arctic warming has contributed to a continual global warming trend» «On the definition and identifiability of the alleged «hiatus» in global warming» «Global land - surface air temperature change based on the new CMA GLSAT dataset»

Figure 1 Alley's reconstruction is based upon trapped air in ice cores taken from central Greenland and his proxies are calibrated to air temperatures on land.

Indeed, last week we learned from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that the first eight months of 2015 were the hottest such stretch yet recorded for the globe's surface land and oceans, based on temperature records going back to 1880.

MM04 failed to acknowledge other independent data supporting the instrumental thermometer - based land surface temperature observations, such as satellite - derived temperature trend estimates over land areas in the Northern Hemisphere (Intergovernmental Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Third Assessment Report, Chapter 2, Box 2.1, p. 106) that can not conceivably be subject to the non-climatic sources of bias considered by them.

Other GMST series based on land temperature stations and sea surface temperatures from ships and buoys are now available and are regularly updated, such as those from the Japanese Meteorological Agency and Berkeley Earth.

However, this parameterization is based on an extremely simple linear combination, using only CO2 and no other anthropogenic factors and considering only land temperature changes.

As others have noted, the IPCC Team has gone absolutely feral about Salby's research and the most recent paper by Dr Roy Spencer, at the University of Alabama (On the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance), for one simple reason: both are based on empirical, undoctored satellite observations, which, depending on the measure required, now extend into the past by up to 32 years, i.e. long enough to begin evaluating real climate trends; whereas much of the Team's science in AR4 (2007) is based on primitive climate models generated from primitive and potentially unreliable land measurements and proxies, which have been «filtered» to achieve certain artificial realities (There are other more scathing descriptions of this process I won't use).

This includes maintaining Argo, the main system for monitoring ocean heat content, and the development of Deep Argo to monitor the lower half of the ocean; the use of ship - based subsurface ocean temperature monitoring programs; advancements in robotic technologies such as autonomous underwater vehicles to monitor waters adjacent to land (like islands or coastal regions); and further development of real - or near - real - time deep ocean remote sensing methods.

Satellite records of temperature do not show the same temperature increase as land based sensors.

To survive the extreme temperatures, both marine and land - based plants and animals have started to migrate towards the poles.