So, unless the satellites always starts to fail just when flying over land, the deviation between land data measured on the ground (mostly from cities and airports) vs. satellite land data is likely to originate mostly from the ground based
land measurements.
While the drop is still there in
the land measurements, you've all surely noticed that this correction will make the correlation with CO2 better so it will be easy now for the climate models to match the climate record without using the controversial aerosol adjustment (which Hadley used but GISS seemingly didn't).
The SST bias is well known and the data is patchy,
the land measurements are possibly biased as well.
My personal feeling is that we can't really even say if the ocean levels are changing at all without knowing how much, and in which direction,
the land the measurements are taken from have moved.
As others have noted, the IPCC Team has gone absolutely feral about Salby's research and the most recent paper by Dr Roy Spencer, at the University of Alabama (On the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance), for one simple reason: both are based on empirical, undoctored satellite observations, which, depending on the measure required, now extend into the past by up to 32 years, i.e. long enough to begin evaluating real climate trends; whereas much of the Team's science in AR4 (2007) is based on primitive climate models generated from primitive and potentially unreliable
land measurements and proxies, which have been «filtered» to achieve certain artificial realities (There are other more scathing descriptions of this process I won't use).
darrylb wonders [reasonably] «Would it not be plausible to have
land measurements capable of the same degree of precision as those denizens of the deep are purportedly capable of giving.»
If in fact, our understanding of the fate of the world as some would like everyone to believe rests to a large degree in the data gathered from these temp measuring devices, would it not be plausible to have
land measurements capable of the same degree of precision as those denizens of the deep are purportedly capable of giving.
Land measurements are considered much more robust.
One odd feature of the HadSST2 collation was that the temperature impact of the 1883 Krakatoa eruption — which is very clear in
the land measurements — didn't really show up in the SST.
The mainstream media by and large got the story right — puzzling anomaly tracked down, corrections in progress after a little scientific detective work, consequences minor — even though a few headline writers got a little carried away in equating a specific dip in 1945 ocean temperatures with the more gentle 1940s - 1970s cooling that is seen in
the land measurements.
Well I've got news for you, for years we've been giving them acres, we've given them so much leeway and second chances that
land measurements no longer adequately describe the amount of piss they've taken right into our eager, gargling mouths.
He shows, for example, the difference between supposed land temperatures and the actual
land measurement coverage.
Those who have proposed $ 100 million to improve
the land measurement system should not be surprised either.
Not exact matches
Our
measurements of the particle's location and its motion (actually, its momentum) are reciprocally
land inversely] related to each other The more we know about one, the less we know about the other,»
Far from scientific
measurements, the shake - the - keg technique is a guessing game that often
lands bars with empty taps.
The doctor plots your child's height and weight on chart to see which percentile line
lands on the
measurements.
Simons et al. (p. 1421, published online 19 May) used
land - based GPS receivers and tsunami gauge
measurements to model the kinematics and extent of the earthquake, comparing it to past earthquakes in Japan and elsewhere.
Data from
land - based GPS receivers and tsunami gauge
measurements have been used to model the motion and extent of the earthquake.
At the same time as the aircraft were taking
measurements, Creamean and her colleagues also took samples of the precipitation on the ground and analyzed them to see whether that dust was in the rain or snow
landing in the mountains.
More than 500 seismologists and geologists worked for 6 years, using satellite
measurements, field surveys, historical records of earthquakes, and geologic evidence of ancient ground motions to document the hazards for all
land areas on Earth, says the project's director, Domenico Giardini of the Swiss Seismological Service in Zürich.
Kargel is the international coordinator of Global
Land Ice
Measurements From Space, a satellite program dedicated to photographing each glacier on Earth every year.
When Philae
lands, its first task will be snapping a 360 - degree panorama of the surface, along with
measurements of the gas pressure and dust distribution at the
landing site.
And their only means of monitoring the buildup of strain on the fault — GPS
measurements of slow ground movement on
land — was greatly handicapped by having the stuck patch 150 kilometers offshore.
Pielke, who said one issue ignored in the paper is that
land surface temperature
measurements over time show bigger warming trends than
measurements from higher up in a part of the atmosphere called the lower troposphere, and that still needs more explanation.
According to Archer and Jacobson's bottom - up estimates, which unlike Kleidon's are based on actual
measurements of wind speeds, there is 1700 TW of wind power at an altitude of 100 metres over
land and sea.
Between 2002 and 2007, satellite
measurements showed that ice from the glacier's grounding line, the spot where it transitions from being on the
land to in the sea, thinned at a rate of 1.2 meters to 6 meters per year.
Dr. Houghton and colleagues conclude that the greater certainty in atmospheric carbon
measurements has led to an increased certainty in the calculated rate of carbon uptake by
land and oceans.
Liming Zhou of the University at Albany, State University of New York, and colleagues studied
land - surface temperature data gathered by NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites, which give
measurements with a spatial resolution of roughly 1 square kilometre.
The project has already merged 1.6 billion
land surface temperature
measurements from 16 sources, most of them publicly available, and is putting them in a simple format to allow easy use by scientists around the world.
That size cutoff is standard practice,» says Bruce Raup of the University of Colorado in Boulder, who is also director of the Global
Land Ice
Measurements from Space project, an international glacier monitoring project.
He and UA geologist Gregory Leonard called on colleagues in the Global
Land Ice
Measurements from Space (GLIMS) network that Kargel led to help identify affected areas by using satellite imagery.
A decade in the planning, NEON hopes to collect long - term, continent - wide
measurements of the effects of climate change,
land usage, and invasive species.
Ocean floor seismometers will supplement
land - based seismic data by providing
measurements of the aftershocks on the seafloor.
At the most fundamental level, the ecological footprint incorporates six
measurements — city cover, carbon dioxide pollution, farm fields, fisheries, forests and rangeland — to reveal «the aggregate area of
land and water ecosystems required by specified human populations to produce the ecosystem goods and services they consume and to assimilate their carbon waste.»
It also carries numerous instruments for in situ
measurements of the moon and Mars and, before
landing, is due to release a Chinese - built Mars orbiter, Yinghuo - 1.
For cattle, 22 years and more than 36,000 fecal
measurements suggest that plants on U.S. grazing
lands have grown poorer in protein, ecologist Joseph Craine of Jonah Ventures, in Boulder, Colo., and colleagues reported April 10 in Environmental Research Letters.
«
Land - based
measurements have been the cheap answer,» says Georgia Tech geophysicist Andrew Newman, «but a buoy with a GPS and satellite communications could take the place of a ship and help us get more frequent seafloor
measurements more affordably.»
NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory - 2 (OCO - 2) mission was launched in July 2014 and has been consistently gathering data on patterns of carbon exchange between the
land and the atmosphere around the globe over the course of 16 - day cycles, collecting roughly 2 million
measurements each month.
As part of the 2017 study, Neffra Matthews of the BLM's National Operations Center in Denver, helped survey, map and document the trackway using photogrammetry, which helps scientists perform accurate
measurements based on
land - based or aerial photographs.
The new
measurements in this research were made with cores that showed the results of massive amounts of sediments released by subsea landslides during a subduction zone earthquake — a catastrophic event beneath the sea as well as on
land.
New
measurements from a NASA satellite have allowed researchers to identify and quantify, for the first time, how climate - driven increases of liquid water storage on
land have affected the rate of sea level rise.
The researchers used body mass index (BMI)
measurements from American Indian children (ages 7 - 18 years) from 117 school districts that encompassed tribal
lands in California between 2001 and 2012 and compared children in districts with tribal
lands that either did or did not gain or expand a casino.
The close agreement of
land - based
measurements also help confirm the accuracy of those made from space, a point that will be important for better global understanding of water stored in a high - altitude environment.
Furthermore, when a
measurement did not match a precise number of «
land rods» — their standard unit of linear
measurement, which corresponded to about 2.5 meters — the Aztecs added symbols, such as an arrow, a heart, a hand, or a bone, to indicate remaining length that was less than one rod.
Khan and his colleagues combined GNET data with ice thickness
measurements taken by four different satellites: the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), the Ice, Cloud and
Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), and the
Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) from NASA; and the Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) from the European Space Agency.
Having precise
measurements of snow on sea ice is essential for NASA's upcoming Ice, Cloud, and
land Elevation Satellite - 2 (ICESat - 2).
Two manuscripts in particular have intrigued scholars because they portray
land holdings in the Valley of Mexico along with their
measurements, using the Aztec numbering system, for purposes of taxation.
Measurements were made that the Piney Reservoir Air Monitoring Station in Garrett County, Maryland, a spot surrounded by forest and farm
land, where winds arrive commonly from the west and northwest.
(iii) based on indicators and baselines developed under paragraph (5)(C)(iii), as well as other
measurements, analyzes changes to the natural environment,
land and water resources, and biological diversity in --
Measurements from the seabed, the air and from
land stations, along with modelling analysis, will provide the link between potential sources of elevated methane concentrations and the reason for variations.