Sentences with phrase «land surface air temperature for»

Although the temperatures for November and December are not in yet, the WMO says the combined sea surface and land surface air temperature for 2009 is currently estimated at 0.44 degrees C above the 1961 - 1999 average of 14.00 degrees.

Not exact matches

For their paper, published in Applied Geography, researchers at the Earth Institute at Columbia University and Battelle Memorial Institute studied air temperature data from weather stations, land surface temperatures measured by satellites and socioeconomic data.

However, for the globe as a whole, surface air temperatures over land have risen at about double the ocean rate after 1979 (more than 0.27 °C per decade vs. 0.13 °C per decade), with the greatest warming during winter (December to February) and spring (March to May) in the Northern Hemisphere.

They wrote that their comparisons of sea - level pressures, sea - surface temperatures and land - based air temperatures provided «consistent evidence for strong» regulation of temperatures by changes in ocean cycles «from monthly to century time scales.»

There are some various proposed mechanisms to explain this that involve the surface energy balance (e.g., less coupling between the ground temperature and lower air temperature over land because of less potential for evaporation), and also lapse rate differences over ocean and land (see Joshi et al 2008, Climate Dynamics), as well as vegetation or cloud changes.

Further, we are key players in an effort to transform and update our understanding of land surface air temperatures through the International Surface Temperature Initiative [described in a recent paper, «Guiding the creation of a comprehensive surface temperature resource for twenty - first - century climate science.surface air temperatures through the International Surface Temperature Initiative [described in a recent paper, «Guiding the creation of a comprehensive surface temperature resource for twenty - first - century climate science.Surface Temperature Initiative [described in a recent paper, «Guiding the creation of a comprehensive surface temperature resource for twenty - first - century climate scieTemperature Initiative [described in a recent paper, «Guiding the creation of a comprehensive surface temperature resource for twenty - first - century climate science.surface temperature resource for twenty - first - century climate scietemperature resource for twenty - first - century climate science.»

However, the CRU global mean combined land air / sea surface temperature estimates for Jan - Aug 2005 lag behind the 1998 annual mean estimate by 0.08 C (0.50 C vs. 58C for 1998) while GISS indicates a lag of 0.02 C.

How to avoid problems with most land - based temperature weather stations: Use lighthouses as thermometers for accurate and unbiased measurement of surface air temperature.

So the infilled GISS data, which extends out over the Arctic, would show the greater warming since the 1970s... until the warming stops for Northern Hemisphere sea surface temperatures and for the low - to - mid latitude land surface air temperatures.

Animation 1 compares the GISS land surface air temperature trends to UAH lower troposphere temperature trends over land for the period of 1979 to 2012.

Therefore, the best temperature observation for comparison with climate models probably falls between the meteorological station surface air analysis and the land — ocean temperature index.

Effects of explicit convection on land surface air temperature and land - atmosphere coupling in the thermal feedback pathway, in revision for JAMES.

For example, let's say that evidence convinced me (in a way that I wasn't convinced previously) that all recent changes in land surface temperatures and sea surface temperatures and atmospheric temperatures and deep sea temperatures and sea ice extent and sea ice volume and sea ice density and moisture content in the air and cloud coverage and rainfall and measures of extreme weather were all directly tied to internal natural variability, and that I can now see that as the result of a statistical modeling of the trends as associated with natural phenomena.

The changes produced a decrease of 0.006 °C / decade for the 1880 to 2014 trend of the annual mean land surface air temperature rather than the 0.003 °C / decade increase reported by NCEI.

They wrote that their comparisons of sea - level pressures, sea - surface temperatures and land - based air temperatures provided «consistent evidence for strong» regulation of temperatures by changes in ocean cycles «from monthly to century time scales.»

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.

NCDC merges their Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 3b (ERSST.v3b) with the Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN - M) version 3.2.0 for land surface air temperSurface Temperature version 3b (ERSST.v3b) with the Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN - M) version 3.2.0 for land surface air tempersurface air temperatures.

Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.

However, for changes over time, only anomalies, as departures from a climatology, are used, most commonly based on the area - weighted global average of the sea surface temperature anomaly and land surface air temperature anomaly.

Surface air temperatures for the four individual seasons of 2017 were also higher than the averages for 1981 - 2010 over many areas of land and ocean.

Prigent, C., F. Aires, and W.B. Rossow, 2003: Land surface skin temperatures from a combined analysis of microwave and infrared satellite observations for an all - weather evaluation of the differences between air and skin temperatures.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.