Sentences with phrase «land use change over»

The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human induced global land use change over the past 12,000 years

This involves growing enough plant material in the next 50 years to more than completely make up for all the arbon dioxide lost through deforestation and land use change over the past few centuries, which is really remarkably ambitious, especially if people are still going to have some space to grow food.

The initiative collaborates with 10 neighbourhoods to develop frameworks for land use change over time and a web - based mapping tool to help inform property owners about flood risks.

If the low source estimate of these land use changes over that period is taken into account, the percentage taken up by the oceans decreases.

That includes huge land use changes over the centuries even changes in the main wind direction in certain periods (MWP - LIA - current).

Not exact matches

Their estimates suggest a population of over 9 billion people and a change in dietary habits, such as increased meat consumption, using more resources such as water, energy and land.

For over 25 years, Mass Audubon has analyzed the land use changes in Massachusetts and observed how the landscape has been transformed by new residential and commercial development in our Losing Ground report.

Fights over water; changing patterns of rainfall; fights over food production; land use,» she said.

But that plan means the location of each temporary lot will change six times over the course of construction, said Borough Hall Land Use Director Robert Englert.

The city turned over records Thursday related to a land - use rule change at Rivington House on the Lower East Side that paved to way for its $ 116 million sale to a group led by China Vanke.

Scenarios tell a story of how our region may change over time based on where Buffalo Niagara is today and the choices we might make about how we use our land and how we invest our resources.

The research received over two million euros in funding from the European Research Council (ERC), since advances in this field are important for protecting biodiversity in the context of climate and land use changes, and for calculating carbon balances.

Reports blamed the conflict for changes in land use and cover — and for activities like increased military traffic over unpaved surfaces and farmers reducing irrigation or abandoning agricultural land — that created extreme amounts of dust to fuel the storm.

Land - use changes over the past 250 years in Europe have been huge, yet, they only caused a relatively small temperature increase, equal to roughly 6 % of the warming produced by global fossil fuel burning, Naudts noted.

Botany Professor Steven Higgins says they used their new classification scheme to examine change in biomes over time and found that 13 per cent of Earth's land surface changed its biome state over the last three decades.

«Understanding the major step changes in land utilisation over the last 80 - 100 years provides a unique understanding of the drivers within changing land - use that might have the most significant impact on pollinator communities,» Dr Senapathi says.

By showing which land use changes have driven pollinator declines over the past 100 years, the research reveals how we could ensure future land use benefits these vital insects.

The biggest temperature changes were projected to occur over needleleaf forests, tundra and agricultural land used to grow crops.

Over the past 50 years, changes in land use and wastewater inputs have led to eutrophication of the lake, with increased turbidity and oxygen depletion in deeper waters.

The forcing over the last 150 years is around 1.6 W / m2 (including cooling effects from aerosols and land use change) but the climate is not (yet) in equilibirum, and so the full temperature response has not been acheived.

This week Time has an amazing feature showing time lapse satellite images taken from space document land - use changes over 30 or 40 years at significant locations around the world.

And finally, current theories based on greenhouse gas increases, changes in solar, volcanic, ozone, land use and aerosol forcing do a pretty good job of explaining the temperature changes over the 20th Century.

Methods: To understand the effects of economic forces from climate policy on terrestrial carbon and land use changes, the researchers used the MiniCAM, an integrated assessment model developed by the PNNL team over the last two decades, to compare different scenarios.

Just for one stark example, the bumping and fart of livestock (enteric fermentation) and consequential land use changes (deforestation and savannah burning for pasture) in Australia accounts for over half the nations entire Green House Gas emissions.

Over the long term, these findings will help scientists understand the impact of climate and land - use changes on bird populations.

we all know the dream valley music is all wrong and that is due to the 3ds version being linked to the action of changing music only on transformations, not when its suppose to and everyone knows this but in places like graffiti city, rogues landing, race of ages, and addars laire, if you end an all star move in flight section, «lost music» comes back.though in places like seasonal shrines it's on a continous loop whereas you use an all star move at just the right time, you hear a second of japenosque, then it goes back to it's continuous loop and starts the music over again.

In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.

After that it's just a matter of applying the strong law of large numbers to the partition function, integrating over the allowed linear changes in terrestrial land use, and calculating the average rate of convergence of the continuous time martingale.

Initially drafted in 2003 with the support and input of NGOs, the bill had been changed so much by the time it first arrived in parliament in 2010 that 73 leading civil - society organizations said it would «open the door for irreversible destructions [of] the country's nature» by allowing land uses such as mining, urbanization, tourism facilities, dam construction, and other forms of energy development to have priority over protection.

Also, due to the multiplicity of anthropogenic and natural effects on the climate over this time (i.e. aerosols, land - use change, greenhouse gases, ozone changes, solar, volcanic etc.) it is difficult to accurately define the forcings.

While there is good data over the last century, there were many different changes to planet's radiation balance (greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar forcing, volcanoes, land use changes etc.), some of which are difficult to quantify (for instance the indirect aerosol effects) and whose history is not well known.

Extrapolating from their forest study, the researchers estimate that over this century the warming induced from global soil loss, at the rate they monitored, will be «equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning and is comparable in magnitude to the cumulative carbon losses to the atmosphere due to human - driven land use change during the past two centuries.»

We find that without dramatic increases in the area of forests, without substantially positive changes in land - use practices, without large net positive effects of CO2 or climate change in the future, or without some other new significant carbon storage mechanism, the U.S. carbon sink itself will decrease substantially over the 21st century.

As well as effective aerosol forcing of -1.2 W / m2 being mcuh stronger than the IPCC AR5 ERF of ~ -0.7 W / m2 over 1850 - 2000, the land use change effective forcing of -0.7 W / m2, arsign from a very high efficacy of 3.89, seems absurd to me.

Over the next 30 years, these sites will collect hundreds of terabytes of ecological data annually to help understand the impacts of climate change, land - use change and invasive species on natural resources and biodiversity.

One of the motivations for this paper (18 pages of close - spaced comparison and discussion of the CRUTem2v, ERA - 40 and NCEP / NCAR analysis) was the claim by Kalnay and Cai (2003) that much of the reported warming over North America was local and due to urbanization and land use changes (based on NCAR / NCEP).

And the original work: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.00013.x/abstract (From the abstract) «Between 1850 and 1990, changes in land use are calculated to have added 124 PgC to the atmosphere, about half as much as released from combustion of fossil fuels over this period.»

It considers likely paths for emissions from land - use change and concludes that Australia's fossil emissions will be able to increase by 26 % over 1990 levels while Australia still meets its 8 % Kyoto Protocol target for 2008 - 2012.

That is very clever, since humans have had impact on the climate since sheep over grazed in the Middle East and farmers started diverting water and changing vegetation and land use.

And there was this: «By using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land - use change,» Timothy Searchinger of Princeton and other researchers reported in 2008, «we found that corn - based ethanol, instead of producing a 20 percent savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years.»

Presuming that we want to be able to compare weather records over time without having to adjust or note for changes in exposure and land use and ground cover, it is best to locate weather stations over natural ground cover, and in an area not likely to experience significant changes in ground cover in the foreseeable future.

The position taken by the Australian government in UNFCCC negotiations has been largely counterproductive, including: its membership of the Umbrella Group of delayer countries; its prioritization of a post-2020 agreement over raising ambition as is urgently required; its insistence on a meaninglessly weak Kyoto Protocol second commitment period target for Australia; its unreasonable conditions for Australia to increase its Kyoto target; its refusal to countenance even conditional targets deeper than 25 % below 2000; its pursuit of creative accounting rules for LULUCF (land use, land use change, and forestry) in both Kyoto commitment periods [v]; its intended reliance on international offset mechanisms; and its failure to provide finance for developing countries.

This activity report presents some examples of the IFAD - GEF partnership from around the world by using brief case studies to highlight certain aspects of various projects, which includes over 43 national and regional projects, covering areas of biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land degradation and sustainable forest management.

Land - use changes, such as deforestation and fires, comprised 11 % of total emissions in 2017, marginally down from the 13 % average over the past decade.

A set of GCM simulations dedicated to quantify the effect of land use change relative to changes in the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration over the past century revealed that the land use effect is largely limited to the area of land use change.

-- Increased urbanization and land use changes since WWII as a possible partial cause of warming of global surface temperature over land.

But there is not the slightest guarantee that the bias remained the same over previous centuries, due to changes in land use, vegetation types, climate,...

Over 1.8 million climate records have been digitized to date, increasing Kenya's capacity to make informed decisions on climate change and land use.

Worldwide, from 1980 to 2009, floods caused more than 500,000 deaths and affected more than 2.8 billion people.18 In the United States, floods caused 4,586 deaths from 1959 to 200519 while property and crop damage averaged nearly 8 billion dollars per year (in 2011 dollars) over 1981 through 2011.17 The risks from future floods are significant, given expanded development in coastal areas and floodplains, unabated urbanization, land - use changes, and human - induced climate change.18

Deriving a reliable global temperature from the instrument data is not easy because the instruments are not evenly distributed across the planet, the hardware and observing locations have changed over the years, and there has been extensive land use change (such as urbanization) around some of the sites.