Coupled with online software like Duolingo and Anki that emphasize spaced repetition, vocabulary
acquisition, as well as good old immersion
techniques such as watching videos in the target
language, Dunn's students» attitudes about learning a new
language have changed.
Essential to sheltered instruction are teacher willingness and capacity to learn about and incorporate the prior knowledge of ELLs into instruction, to understand second
language acquisition and address the linguistic needs of ELLs, to deliver comprehensible yet rigorous input, and to use spiraling and scaffolding
techniques whereby every piece of information learned and every skill acquired provides the next - level substructure for building higher - order knowledge.