Sentences with phrase «large animal body»

Expanding the beam is needed in treating large animal body parts.

Not exact matches

If we view the soul as an effective social system for the procurement of intense experience, we can legitimately apply to it Whitehead's statement in «Immortality» that «the more effective social systems involve a large infusion of various soils of personalities as subordinate elements in their make - up — for example, an animal body, or a society of animals, such as human beings» (IMM 690).

«All animals deserve humane treatment, including farm animals, and it's just wrong to immobilize animals for their whole lives in crates barely larger than their bodies.»

«It's cruel and inhumane to confine animals in cages barely larger than their own bodies for months on end,» stated Katie Lisnik, Maine state director of The HSUS.

The investigation documented breeding sows confined in tight gestation crates, barely larger than the animals» own bodies, unable to even turn around.

This cut comes from the cow's breast or lower chest, and includes the hard - working muscles that support a large chunk of the animal's body weight.

On the largest scale, the trend doesn't seem to be related to biomechanics, or how an animal's body parts are arranged and how its joints function, among other factors, Hirt says.

This week in Nature Communications, an interdisciplinary team of scientists proposes a more nuanced model for extinction that also shows why animal species tend to evolve toward larger body sizes.

«It's probably too early to conclude exactly which geochemical changes in the Ediacaran oceans were responsible for the shift to large body sizes, but there are strong contenders, especially increased oxygen, which animals need for respiration.»

Anatomy confirms what behavior reveals: Octopuses and cuttlefish have larger brains, relative to body weight, than most fish and reptiles, larger on average than any animals save birds and mammals.

Previously, says Xu, most scientists presumed that large dinosaurs — like many of today's large animals, such as elephants and rhinos — didn't need insulation because their immense bulk helped them efficiently maintain body heat.

But animals with large bodies could not have evolved until oxygen levels climbed higher in the Ediacaran.

Despite being an iconic image — a fossil with a striped body, large tail, a pair of stalks terminating in dark, oval - shaped «blobs» and a large elephant trunk - like proboscis at the head end which has a pincer - like claw filled with teeth — it is a complete mystery as to what kind of extinct animal it was.

Based on the length of the footprints, we can estimate that the largest animals had a body length of about eight meters.

«The extreme selectivity of the modern extinction threat with respect to body size is best explained by the size bias in human hunting and fishing activities, which often preferentially target the largest animals in the oceans, or the largest animals within their respective taxonomic groupings,» said Payne.

Scientists have already established that the neocortex and the mushroom bodies are larger in social species such as humans and wasps, as compared with solitary animals such as bears and lone spiders.

Such deposits possess clear taphonomic biases toward small - bodied animals, limiting our knowledge regarding feather presence in larger members of feathered clades.

Their jaws, or chelicerae, are the largest for body size among the group of animals that possess these specialized mouthparts — including horseshoe crabs, sea spiders, and arachnids — and bear most of the structures used for their classification.

In today's oceans, larger - bodied marine animals are more likely to become extinct than smaller creatures, according to a Stanford - led report.

While Payne and his colleagues did not directly examine why large modern marine animals are at higher risk of extinction, their findings are consistent with a growing body of scientific literature that point to humans as the main culprits.

But now Rebekah Dawson from the University of Western Australia in Perth has documented the behaviour in both large and medium sized wallabies, and shown the behaviour is driven not just by size, but rather the animal's habitat and overall body plan.

The selective extinction of large - bodied animals could have serious consequences for the health of marine ecosystems, the scientists say, because they tend to be at the tops of food webs and their movements through the water column and the seafloor help cycle nutrients through the oceans.

As expected, larger animals had larger larynxes, and body size correlated well with the average frequency an animal could produce.

This vocal system means that howlers give the acoustic impression of animals with much larger bodies, and can indeed roar louder and deeper than creatures ten times their size.

«Herders could not afford to kill many animals, particularly large - bodied animals with long gestation periods.

«So it is a real exercise to get across, and the magnitude of that is illustrated by the fact that, before anatomically modern humans made the leap, no large - bodied animal ever got all the way across.»

If the loss of large - bodied mammals continues into the future and all the currently threatened animals are lost, the largest mammal on earth in 200 years may be a domestic cow.

8:1 Ratio of the length of a barnacle's penis to the rest of its body, making it proportionally the largest phallus in the animal kingdom.

It was expected that a key feature in extinction would have been body size: the large animals would suffer heat and starvation stress first.

While more data are needed to improve the model, and it is unclear if it can be extrapolated to animals of much larger body mass, the researchers hope that it might help predict features of non-avian dinosaur locomotion using data from fossils and footprints.

During the Triassic, the world's continents were locked together in a single supercontinent called Pangaea, allowing animals to roam unimpeded by large bodies of water.

For example, the ratio of the engine to aircraft size is analogous to the ratio of a large animal's total body size to its heart, lungs and muscles.»

Instead, in a series of animal and synthetic experiments, they suggest that the bodies of geckos act much like a spring, and that as geckos become larger, they also become stiffer, thus enabling them to climb as well as small geckos.

Badgers have been known to cache the bodies of smaller animals such as rodents and rabbits, but this is the first time they have been seen burying an animal larger than themselves, the researchers report today in Western North American Naturalist.

A control group of six animals, which were inoculated with SIV but not treated with PMEA, were all found to have large amounts of virus in their bodies.

Birds and mammals have brains that are up to 10 times larger, relative to body size, than those of reptiles and other animals.

But, relative to body size, primates have much larger brains than any other animals, and we humans, not surprisingly, have the biggest brains of all — about six times larger than you would expect for a mammal of our size.

The investigators summarized a large and growing body of research examining the changes that occur at the cognitive / behavioral, neurophysiological, and neurochemical levels after a single bout of physical exercise in both humans and animals.

It is poisonous but only at relatively large doses; in rats it killed half of the animals tested at concentrations above 825 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.

The researchers said the discovery means modern vertebrates originated in a world that was already populated by small and large - bodied physical extremes, in terms of how animals physically adapted to their environment.

Researchers have bred butterflies to have disproportionate wing - to - body ratios, suggesting that natural selection plays a larger than expected role in determining animal form.

«This spectacular new predator, one of the largest and best preserved soft - bodied arthropods from Marble Canyon, joins the ranks of many unusual marine creatures that lived during the Cambrian Explosion, a period of rapid evolutionary change starting about half a billion years ago when most major animal groups first emerged in the fossil record,» said co-author Jean - Bernard Caron, senior curator of invertebrate paleontology at the ROM and an associate professor in the Departments of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Earth Sciences at U of T.

Surprisingly, one animal that holds the largest body size to brain ratios is the shrew, with a brain making up about 10 percent of its body mass.

If fact, some researchers believe a larger number of species are to be found in the Wheeler and Marjum Formations of Utah than in the Burgess Shale, though the fossils of soft - bodied animals in Utah are far less abundant and limited to relatively few horizons.

Development of the animal body plan was (and is) controlled by large and complex gene regulatory networks.

The latter feature is addressed through the design of a miniature multi-link mechanism that allows for replicating the species - specific locomotory pattern of carangiform swimmers [64], wherein a large portion of the body undulates to propel the animal.

Accordingly, males of promiscuous species tend to have larger testes (in relation to body size) than monogamous animals.

«From that, we conclude that it's probably related to human exploitation of large - bodied animals.»

At this stage animals are large enough such that the cell bodies of motor neurons in the ventral nerve cord are well spaced, making it less ambiguous in deciding if presumptive gap junction puncta are associated with a particular motor neuron.

New MRI scans show that dolphin brains are four to five times larger for their body size when compared to another animal of similar size, according to Lori Marino, a senior lecturer in neuroscience and behavioral biology at Emory University, and one of the world's leading dolphin experts.