Even when attrition and replacement throughout the middle school years are taken into account, the limited range of potential peer effects at KIPP schools does not explain
the large cumulative impacts on student achievement identified by prior studies.
Not exact matches
The bottom line: While none of these tips will have a
large, or even visible,
impact over the short term, over a 30 - year horizon, their
cumulative impact for today's 30 - somethings can be enormous.
They found the effects of armoring were
cumulative, because in shoreline drift cells that had a higher percentage of armoring, even unarmored sites showed
impacts, including less sand and more
larger sediment.
A new University of Washington study shows that
impacts at individual armored sites can scale up to have
cumulative,
large - scale effects on the characteristics of Salish Sea shorelines and the diversity of life they support.
There are 20 possible
impacts calculated in the next 70 years or so with a
cumulative impact risk of about 1 in 77,000 with the
largest chance of
impact at 1 in 213,000 in 2048.
Our own study (the
largest rigorous study of KIPP) estimated that over three years KIPP middle schools have an average
cumulative impact of 0.21 standard deviations in reading and 0.36 standard deviations in math, roughly equivalent to an additional eight to 11 months of learning.
The
cumulative impact over the years is far
larger but, just to give you an idea, 2012 share buybacks have enhanced NAV by 14 % YTD.
One
cumulative impact is that it not only fosters a sense of community, but a sense of a community of communities, since
large numbers of communities share similar challenges in common, and can learn from and assist one another in the process of meeting the challenges that lie ahead.
More broadly, draft White House guidance to federal agencies on environmental
impact assessment of proposed federal actions such as energy development permits, which has languished for four years, could move the system toward analyzing specific proposed projects within a
larger context of
cumulative global warming
impacts.
However, the
cumulative impact of releasing that carbon, from hydrates or from permafrost organic carbon, could be a
large amplifier of the long - term
impact of fossil fuel release.
By taking a
larger view of the overall
impact of development on Aboriginal communities,
cumulative effects will dramatically change how projects are negotiated and disputes are resolved.
They also allow us to identify progress on individual areas which have a
cumulative impact on the
larger and longer term indicators like life expectancy.218 The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework also seeks to trace the links from strategic action through to headline indicators.