Sentences with phrase «large number of cell»

The functional disruption leads to oxidative stress inside the cell; an accumulation of highly reactive oxygen compounds takes place and a large number of the cell's molecules are damaged.

Cell lines are therefore indispensable in medical research and a large number of cell lines exist that originate from many different tumor types.

To answer these questions, the scientists went in a new direction: They performed infection trials in a large number of cell cultures at different temperature levels.

One of the team's new biosensors is made from a nanoplasmonic material that is able to accommodate a large number of cells on a single substrate and to monitor cell proliferation, a fundamental process involving cell growth and division, in real time.

When levels of arbitrium build up — after a large number of cells have died — phages stop killing off the remaining bacteria and retreat to lie dormant in bacterial genomes instead.

1982: In the early 80s, scientists realize that retroviruses have tremendous potential to deliver genes stably into large numbers of cells, and start producing lab - safe versions.

They are also trying to culture the undifferentiated cells for longer before adding Sonic hedgehog, so that they can grow larger numbers of cells.

They chose this region because it has a large number of cells and because the bird's feet hadn't been treated with arsenic, leaving the DNA there in better shape than on the rest of the preserved carcass.

Analyzing large numbers of cells, each with slight differences in their DNA, for their ability to carry out a behavior or survive a drug treatment can reveal the importance of particular genes, or sections of genes, in those abilities.

In regenerative medicine a large number of cells are required to construct an organ.

This distributed biological memory leverages the large number of cells in bacterial cultures and encodes information into their collective genomic DNA in the form of the fraction of cells that carry specific mutations.

More important, with the capacity to rotate large numbers of cells in parallel, researchers will be able to perform high - throughput single - cell studies.»

While levels of RNA and protein are strongly correlated when averaged over large numbers of cells, the authors discovered that this correlation breaks down at the level of single cells, with protein information more stably representing cell identity.

How do large numbers of cells, each with only limited local information, collaborate to create something much larger and more complex than themselves?

In addition, producing a large number of cells is very costly, so it's difficult to scale up for big experiments.

It might be possible in the near future to use one of the new forms of genetic technology to tackle the clonal expansions of specific mutations, provided there are only a few of them and they are present in large numbers of cells.

The strength of ROBOCAT II and FACSCalibur analysis is the ability to look at large numbers of cells and to quantify results.

Women with higher density have a greater risk of developing cancer because they have more glandular tissue, which involves a larger number of cells that can fall victim to the disease.

This means that they should be on a spatial scale covering rather large number of cells.

The hope, of course, is that enough parameters are being used to do a decent job and that the large number of cells will let the errors wash out.

In operation the plant would consist of large numbers of cells exposed to the sun.

Not exact matches

These risks and uncertainties include: Gilead's ability to achieve its anticipated full year 2018 financial results; Gilead's ability to sustain growth in revenues for its antiviral and other programs; the risk that private and public payers may be reluctant to provide, or continue to provide, coverage or reimbursement for new products, including Vosevi, Yescarta, Epclusa, Harvoni, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy and Vemlidy ®; austerity measures in European countries that may increase the amount of discount required on Gilead's products; an increase in discounts, chargebacks and rebates due to ongoing contracts and future negotiations with commercial and government payers; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and decreases in treatment duration; availability of funding for state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs); continued fluctuations in ADAP purchases driven by federal and state grant cycles which may not mirror patient demand and may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction of generic versions of Viread and Truvada, an uncertain global macroeconomic environment; and potential amendments to the Affordable Care Act or other government action that could have the effect of lowering prices or reducing the number of insured patients; the possibility of unfavorable results from clinical trials involving investigational compounds; Gilead's ability to initiate clinical trials in its currently anticipated timeframes; the levels of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers which may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; Kite's ability to develop and commercialize cell therapies utilizing the zinc finger nuclease technology platform and realize the benefits of the Sangamo partnership; Gilead's ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates in the timelines currently anticipated; Gilead's ability to receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, for new and current products, including Biktarvy; Gilead's ability to successfully commercialize its products, including Biktarvy; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages of these products over other therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products; Gilead's ability to successfully develop its hematology / oncology and inflammation / respiratory programs; safety and efficacy data from clinical studies may not warrant further development of Gilead's product candidates, including GS - 9620 and Yescarta in combination with Pfizer's utomilumab; Gilead's ability to pay dividends or complete its share repurchase program due to changes in its stock price, corporate or other market conditions; fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate of the U.S. dollar that may cause an unfavorable foreign currency exchange impact on Gilead's future revenues and pre-tax earnings; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead's reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).

We know too that the memory, without which man could have no sense of continuity, is dependent upon the storage capacity of the unbelievably large number of brain cells, so that to the lay mind the brain is as close to an electronic computer as anything could be.

I could go on and elaborate on a number of other disciplines or facts that creationists have to pretend into oblivion to retain their faith, including the Ice Ages, cavemen and early hominids, much of microbiology, paleontology and archeology, continental drift and plate tectonics, even large parts of medical research (medical research on monkeys and mice only works because they share a common ancestor with us and therefore our fundamental cell biology and basic body architecture is identical to theirs).

In the case of ISIS and Twitter, imagine a retaliatory attack on a hacker cell that ends up killing civilians in large numbers by accident, creating international pressure against the U.S. bombing campaign against the Islamic State.

Genomic rearrangement means that a large number of different T cell receptors are possible.

«Before this study, it was not known if it is possible to produce sufficient numbers of these cells and successfully use them to remuscularize damaged hearts in a large animal whose heart size and physiology is similar to that of the human heart,» said Dr. Charles Murry, UW professor of pathology and bioengineering, who led the research team that conducted the experiment.

Researchers also need to test a large number of battery cells over a long enough period of time under various physical conditions and temperatures to ensure that dendrites will never grow.

Larger numbers of T cells were activated in the lean group too, which may relate to repairing damage from the inflammation in the liver.

Fat cells cultured from the body mass index of a morbidly obese patient cause multiple myeloma cells to anchor to a much greater extent than normal cells and produce a significantly larger number of blood vessels to sustain the cancer cells.

By studying infected cells grown in a laboratory, the team found that a large number of CMV's genes help it hide from the immune system by allowing it to destroy many of the proteins produced by the body during virus infection and preventing them from activating immune cells to destroy the virus.

Although changes in treatment methodology still have to be studied, Dr. Cripe believes it may be that the timing of various treatments is what matters, and that perhaps initially suppressing immunity could allow the virus to infect a large number of tumor cells before relieving the immunosuppression to allow the body's own T cells to fight off the tumor.

Golden retrievers, for example, have many more nerve cells than cats, and brown bears have an unexpectedly low number of nerve cells given the relatively large size of their brain.

The new method, described in the journal Stem Cells Translational Medicine, could be used to generate large numbers of muscle cells and muscle progenitors directly from human pluripotent stem cCells Translational Medicine, could be used to generate large numbers of muscle cells and muscle progenitors directly from human pluripotent stem ccells and muscle progenitors directly from human pluripotent stem cellscells.

Mackay - Sim's team has solved those problems by developing a method of removing the cells under a local anaesthetic and growing them in culture to produce larger numbers.

Tissue engineers have been unable to grow epidermis with the functional barrier needed for drug testing, and have been further limited in producing an in vitro (lab) model for large - scale drug screening by the number of cells that can be grown from a single skin biopsy sample.

In mitochondria, energy is produced by a large number of proteins, which are manufactured according to a blueprint, the cell's DNA.

If cells were infected with an influenza A mutant lacking NS1, they proceeded to produce large number of the molecular complexes required for RNAi, which include a protein called Argonaute that slices through the target gene.

«We have just allocated $ 271 million in funds, which leveraged over $ 500 million from donors and the institutions» own reserves to build 12 stem cell institutes in California; these are really large institutes that will accommodate a very large number of scientists,» says Trounson, an Australian native who pioneered in vitro fertilization in the 1980s and relocated to California to head up the CIRM in December 2007.

«This method offers the possibility of inducing large numbers of hair follicles or rejuvenating existing hair follicles, starting with cells grown from just a few hundred donor hairs.

The most striking abnormalities were a markedly elevated white blood cell count of 28,500 per cubic milliliter (the normal level is about 5,000 to 10,000) and what is called a shift to the left, which refers to a large increase in the number of mature and immature granulocytes, cells that increase in number when an acute infection must be fought off.

The small numbers and large sizes of brain cells in sea slugs make the animals ideal for brain research.

«In a large number of diseases, ranging from cancer to ALS, major stress occurs in the affected cells, leading the UPR pathway to be triggered,» he said.

By studying what pushes those 6 percent into their fate as photoreceptor cells, researchers might figure out how to generate a larger number of transplantable cells.

But working with human smooth muscle cells isolated and grown from the healthy parts of airway tissue surrounding excised tumors, Benjamin Kalbe and his colleagues applied a large number of odor molecules and watched two of them activate the muscle cells.

«A large number of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells was activated simultaneously when the epigenetic control provided by genomic imprinting was removed,» explains Venkatraman.

One possibility is that a large number of stem cells populate the skin.

The eukaryotic cell nucleus and large, complex DNA viruses like Mimi share a compelling number of biological traits.

«I'm currently working with large datasets that will allow me to look for correlations between dispersal traits — such as pollen dimensions, DNA content, cell number, pollen energy reserves, water content, pollination syndromes — and pollen tube performance traits — such as tube dimensions and elongation rates, style lengths and duration of growth,» concludes Williams.

Chloroplast DNA is separate from the genome DNA in the plant nucleus, and the large numbers of these tiny organelles in the cell allow huge volumes of the coagulation protein to accumulate in each tobacco leaf.