While people naturally lose dopamine neurons as they age, patients with PD lose a
much larger number of these neurons and the remaining cells are no longer able to compensate.
There is a gap in our knowledge about brain network function because we lack the tools to
study large numbers of neurons spread over large regions of the brain.
Among the questions that this study raises are whether the surprisingly
large number of neurons in bird brains comes at a correspondingly large energetic cost, and whether the small neurons in bird brains are a response to selection for small body size due to flight, or possibly the ancestral way of adding neurons to the brain — from which mammals, not birds, may have diverged.
«We found that birds, especially songbirds and parrots, have
surprisingly large numbers of neurons in their pallium: the part of the brain that corresponds to the cerebral cortex, which supports higher cognition functions such as planning for the future or finding patterns.
Excitingly, because stem cells can produce
such large numbers of neurons, we can even test for and identify new drug candidates using patient specific neurons.
These symptoms are visible manifestations of a dramatic change that takes place in the brain: the death
of large numbers of neurons in the Substantia nigra of the midbrain.
«When it comes to brains, recent research suggests that bird brains can pack a
much larger number of neurons than mammalian brains,» Osvath said.
By combining
a large number of neuron - imitating skyrmions, the thinking goes, scientists could create a computer that operates something like a brain.
«We believe it's
the largest number of neurons simultaneously recorded in a non-human primate,» says Nicolelis.
After the associations between smell and place were well established, the researchers could see a pattern of brain wave activity (the electrical signal from
a large number of neurons) during retrieval.
«But when you zoom out from looking at individual cells, and observe
a large number of neurons instead, their global activity is very informative,» says Mattia Rigotti, a scientist at Columbia University and New York University who is supported by the SNSF and the Janggen - Pöhn - Stiftung.
You probably expect that
a large number of neurons are required for such a complex process, but just how many neurons are there in the human brain?