Sentences with phrase «large volcanic eruptions in»

There were no consecutive large volcanic eruptions in the 20th century, and none that could have caused the recent slowdown in the rate of global warming.

Given the absence of large volcanic eruptions in the past two decades (the last one being Mount Pinatubo in 1991), multiple volcanic eruptions would cause a cooling tendency [196] and reduce heat storage in the ocean [197].

The large volcanic eruptions in the past half century (reaching the stratosphere) were Agung (1963), El Chichon (1982) and the Pinatubo (1992).

In fact, it is possible to have some frost rings without any evidence of explosive volcanism, presumably occurring due to extremes in local weather, but, as shown above, they do seem to record large volcanic eruptions in recent times very well indeed.

One of the most interesting mysteries are what appears to be large volcanic eruptions in the proxy records pre-1500 for which everybunny and their brother searches for the volcano.

We find an unprecedented, long - lasting and spatially synchronized cooling following a cluster of large volcanic eruptions in 536, 540 and 547 AD (ref.

«We have found that the deposition of sulfur compounds in the Antarctic after very large volcanic eruptions in the tropics may be lower than previously thought,» the atmospheric researcher summarizes the findings of the study which has just been published in the current issue of the international «Journal of Geophysical Research — Atmosphere.»

Here we are not dealing with large volcanic eruptions of the size of Pinatubo of Mount St. Helens, here we are talking about extreme events: The Toba caldera in the Sumatra subduction zone in Indonesia originated from one of the largest volcanic eruption in recent Earth history, about 74,000 years ago.

But going back just over a century, Katmai first came to public notice when residents of this northern Alaska Peninsula experienced one of the largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history.

Both scenarios B and C assumed a large volcanic eruption in 1995.

Siberian Flood Basalts — MIT: About 252 million years ago, the largest mass extinction and the largest volcanic eruptions in Earth history occurred apparently synchronously.

The Minoan eruption of Thera (modern Santorini), the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history, occurred in the Bronze Age, the late 17th century BC; the classic «Little Ice Age» began at the beginning of the 14th century AD and lasted until the mid-18th century.

One prediction was a large volcanic eruption in early 1990s that would help scientists calibrate models.

For example, the largest volcanic eruptions in the last Millennium are estimated to be several times larger than the Pinatubo eruption in 1991.

Using SAM to bring down global temperatures just 2 degrees F (1 degree C), to preindustrial levels, would require injection amounts equivalent to one volcanic eruption per year the size of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo blast in the Philippines — the largest volcanic eruption in the last 100 years, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

The real world even had one large volcanic eruption in the 1990s, Mount Pinatubo in 1991, whereas scenario B placed a volcano in 1995.»

Not exact matches

Unrest at large calderas rarely ends in eruption, encouraging vulnerable communities to perceive emergency warnings of volcanic activity as false alarms.

The spatial deposition of sulfur particles in the bipolar ice cores, as calculated in the model, agrees well with the actually measured deposits of large volcanic eruptions, such as Pinatubo in 1991 or even of Tambora of 1815.

«In any case, the results of our model study give a clear indication that the bipolar variability of sulfate deposits must be taken into consideration if the traces of large volcanic eruptions are to be deduced from ice cores,» says Dr. Krüger, «Several research groups that deal with this issue have already contacted us to verify their data through our model results.»

Natural drivers include changes in solar activity and large volcanic eruptions.

Acid in the atmosphere can come from large volcanic eruptions and human - made emissions from industry.

After large volcanic eruptions that pump sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, such as that of mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, the planet cools for a year or two.

In addition to being able to measure the pH value more accurately using the new method, the CFA system can also distinguish whether the emissions come from volcanic eruptions, large forest fires or industry.

«We are living in a period where we are fairly quiescent in terms of large volcanic eruptions that are affecting climate.

Using an interdisciplinary approach that combined evidence from climate modelling of large 20th - century eruptions, annual measurements of Nile summer flood heights from the Islamic Nilometer — the longest - known human record of environmental variability — between 622 and 1902, as well as descriptions of Nile flood quality in ancient papyri and inscriptions from the Ptolemaic era, the authors show how large volcanic eruptions impacted on Nile river flow, reducing the height of the agriculturally - critical summer flood.

Ultimately, he found that, while volcanic eruptions would have spewed huge quantities of both sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide into the atmosphere, it was the former that dissolved more easily in shallow waters, producing large concentrations of sulfidic anions, in the form of sulfites and bisulfites.

The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption's magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)-- making it one of the largest known in the Holocene.

Large reservoirs of magma stored deep in Earth's crust are key to producing some of Earth's most powerful volcanic eruptions, new research has shown.

In a new study, an international team of scientists claim that the most powerful volcanic eruptions, dubbed «super-eruptions», are triggered by a slow and steady drip feed of magma from large reservoirs deep within Earth's crust into smaller reservoirs closer to the surface.

On at least three occasions during the past 7,000 years, the penguin population was similar in magnitude to today, but was almost completely wiped out locally after each of three large volcanic eruptions.

One of the largest colonies of gentoo penguins in Antarctica was decimated by volcanic eruptions several times during the last 7,000 years according to a new study.

Some geologists speculate that massive volcanic eruptions covering areas as large as modern continents triggered the release of methane buried in the ocean floor, causing a greenhouse effect.

There have been large volcanic eruptions that have contributed to short - term cooling of Earth from the SO2 that reaches the stratosphere, which is what happened following the Philippines Mount Pinatubo eruption in June 1991.

A new paper published January 10, 2018, in the journal Science Advances describes the first up - close investigation of the largest underwater volcanic eruption of the past century.

The study, published online today in Nature Communications, used sophisticated climate model simulations to show that El Niño tends to peak during the year after large volcanic eruptions like the one at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991.

The Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption in Italy 40,000 years ago was one of the largest volcanic cataclysms in Europe and injected a significant amount of sulfur - dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere.

Barnhart said the changes from dry to wet periods might have had to do with periods of greenhouse - gas outgassing associated with volcanic eruptions, large impacts, or a change in the tilt of Mars» rotation, though all that remains to be studied further.

I would assume that the increase in stratospheric water vapour would make for a thicker vail of sulfuric acid given a large volcanic eruption.

Perhaps in the future a large volcanic eruption (VEI 5 - 6 or greater) may cause 1 - 2 °C swings in global temperatures as they rise further as we go from enhanced greenhouse effect to enhanced reductions in insolation from thicker sulfuric acid vails.

He tells Newsweek the findings play into a bigger picture, where we see large volcanic eruptions having an impact on the global climate that causes a chain effect resulting in social unrest.

One example that I wasn't previously aware of, were the climate events of 536 AD — «dry fogs», crop failures, «dim suns» and yellow snow etc. — features consistent with a large volcanic eruption, possibly near the site of Krakatoa — and which correlates with evidence of a sulphate peak in the North GRIP ice core at the same time.

«We are living in a period where we are fairly quiescent in terms of large volcanic eruptions that are affecting climate,» Manning said.

An impact hypothesis is usefully contrasted to the impacts of a large volcanic eruption like Pinatubo in 1991.

Climate scientists have also attempted to estimate climate sensitivity based on the response to recent large volcanic eruptions, such as Mount Pinatubo in 1991.

``... While [ozone depleting substance] ODS levels remain high, a large stratospheric sulfuric aerosol enhancement due to a major volcanic eruption or geoengineering activities would result in a substantial chemical depletion of ozone over much of the globe.»

The short - term variations are dominated by ENSO but also can be influenced by large tropical volcanic eruptions (such as occurred in 1963, 1982 and, markedly, 1991), so the years after those eruptions are anomalously cool.

What is your level of confidence in the prediction made by GISS: «barring the unlikely event of a large volcanic eruption, a record global temperature clearly exceeding that of 2005 can be expected within the next 2 - 3 years.»

In Earth's past the trigger for these greenhouse gas emissions was often unusually massive volcanic eruptions known as «Large Igneous Provinces,» with knock - on effects that included huge releases of CO2 and methane from organic - rich sediments.

Tambora: The most destructive, and arguably the largest, volcanic eruption in recorded history was that of Gunung Tambora on Sumbawa.

Featured lists: List of volcanoes in Indonesia • List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian — Emperor seamount chain • List of largest volcanic eruptions