However, because climate scientists at the time believed a doubling of atmospheric CO2 would cause
a larger global heat imbalance than is currently believed, the actual climate sensitivities were approximatly 18 % lower (for example, the «Best» model sensitivity was actually closer to 2.1 °C for doubled CO2).
However, as in the FAR, because climate scientists at the time believed a doubling of atmospheric CO2 would cause
a larger global heat imbalance than current estimates, the actual «best estimate» model sensitivity was closer to 2.1 °C for doubled CO2.
However, because climate scientists at the time believed a doubling of atmospheric CO2 would cause
a larger global heat imbalance than today's estimates, the actual climate sensitivities were approximatly 18 % lower (for example, the «Best» model sensitivity was actually closer to 2.1 °C for doubled CO2).
Not exact matches
Taking into account the disastrous effects of the 2003 and 2010
heat wave events in Europe, and those of 2011 and 2012 in the USA, results show that we may be facing a serious risk of adverse impacts over
larger and densely populated areas if mitigation strategies for reducing
global warming are not implemented.
In addition to the Asia
heat wave, those events were the record
global heat in 2016 and the growth and persistence of a
large swath of high ocean temperatures, nicknamed «the Blob,» in the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska.
Consumers account for the
largest emissions worldwide, he says:
Heating and electricity generation account for about 40 per cent of
global CO2 emissions, while transportation accounts for 25 per cent.
In addition, O3 is a greenhouse gas, helping to trap
heat and warm the earth, and new research shows that it plays an even
larger role in
global warming by destroying plants» ability to use extra carbon dioxide.
Fact # 1: Carbon Dioxide is a
Heat - Trapping Gas Fact # 2: We Are Adding More Carbon Dioxide to the Atmosphere All the Time Fact # 3: Temperatures are Rising Fact # 4: Sea Level is Rising Fact # 5: Climate Change Can be Natural, but What's Happening Now Can't be Explained by Natural Forces Fact # 6: The Terms «
Global Warming» and «Climate Change» Are Almost Interchangeable Fact # 7: We Can Already See The Effects of Climate Change Fact # 8:
Large Regions of The World Are Seeing a Significant Increase In Extreme Weather Events, Including Torrential Rainstorms,
Heat Waves And Droughts Fact # 9: Frost and Snowstorms Will Still Happen in a Warmer World Fact # 10:
Global Warming is a Long - Term Trend; It Doesn't Mean Next Year Will Always Be Warmer Than This Year
Puncak Jaya is the only place to get ice core data from the western side of what's known as the Pacific Warm Pool the single
largest heat source to the
global atmosphere.
The
global increase in ocean
heat content during the period 1993 to 2003 in two ocean models constrained by assimilating altimetric sea level and other observations (Carton et al., 2005; Köhl et al., 2006) is considerably
larger than these observational estimates.
However, the
large - scale nature of
heat content variability, the similarity of the Levitus et al. (2005a) and the Ishii et al. (2006) analyses and new results showing a decrease in the
global heat content in a period with much better data coverage (Lyman et al., 2006), gives confidence that there is substantial inter-decadal variability in
global ocean
heat content.
A major feature of Figure 5.1 is the relatively
large increase in
global ocean
heat content during 1969 to 1980 and a sharp decrease during 1980 to 1983.
As discussed in the appendix, even in periods with overall good coverage in the observing system,
large regions in Southern Hemisphere (SH) are not well sampled, and their contribution to
global heat content variability is less certain.
Yet, increased forest fires, more severe and widespread
heat waves and draughts,
larger and more powerful storms, are all predictable consequences of
global warming.
The estimated increase of observed
global ocean
heat content (over the depth range from 0 to 3000 meters) between the 1950s and 1990s is at least one order of magnitude
larger than the increase in
heat content of any other component.
The scientists also questioned
global health authorities» willful recommendation of
large amounts of polyunsaturated fats into the human diet without accompanying measures to ensure the protection of these fatty acids against
heat - and oxidative - degradation.
But every billion - dollar carbon - capture project, in the meantime, is raiding money that might otherwise go into basic research and development aimed at advancing solar technology or
large - scale energy storage or other fields where breakthroughs could help lay the groundwork for a post-fossil
global energy system — instead of providing a dicey Band - Aid to keep societies stuck on the coal rung of the
heat ladder a while longer.
He will not glean any disunity because the contributors to this forum are by and
large scientists who understand the psychics behind
global warming as thoroughly and well as; why does ice expand when
heated; or why can warm atmosphere hold more water vapour than cold.
«Note: LOTI provides a more realistic representation of the
global mean trends than dTs below; it slightly underestimates warming or cooling trends, since the much
larger heat capacity of water compared to air causes a slower and diminished reaction to changes.»
Numerous denier arguments involving slight fluctuations in the
global distribution of warmer vs cooler sea surface areas as supposed explanations of climate change neglect all the energy that goes into ocean
heat content, melting
large ice deposits and so forth.
However, I've never seen a single media article in any U.S. press outlet that covered these issues — the
large - scale evidence for
global warming (melting glaciers, warming poles, shrinking sea ice, ocean temperatures) to the local scale (more intense hurricanes, more intense precipitation, more frequent droughts and
heat waves) while also discussing the real causes (fossil fuels and deforestation) and the real solutions (replacement of fossil fuels with renewables, limiting deforestation, and halting the use of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil.)
It is certainly true that a very small temperature bias that is not random from instrument to instrument, but instead is the same over a
large number of profiles can create systematic error in
global estimates of ocean
heat content.
For example, urban
heat islands may be affecting a
large fraction of the world's population (perhaps as much as 50 %, the reported fraction of the population living in cities today)-- so is that a
global effect, or a local one?
Since the
heat is just moved around, with Eurasian cold linked to a correspondingly warmer Arctic, this hardly affects the
global mean temperature — unless you're looking at a data set with a
large data gap in the Arctic...
This is a result of a weaker wind - driven ocean circulation, when a
large decrease in
heat transported to the deep ocean allows the surface ocean to warm quickly, and this in turn raises
global surface temperatures.
James E. Hansen, the NASA scientist who has moved ever more into the arena of environmental activism after four decades of climate research, has called on the public to join him at a
large demonstration on
global warming March 2 at an antiquated power plant supplying the Capitol with electricity and
heat from a mix of coil, oil and natural gas.
The EU's binding Renewable Energy Directive targets will make it the second
largest growth market after China, as well as remaining the
global leader in terms of absolute renewable
heat consumption.
Some of these climate drivers result in warming and others lead to cooling, but when all the natural and human - induced climate drivers are stacked up and compared to one another, the accumulation of human - released
heat - trapping gases in the atmosphere is so
large that it has very likely swamped other climate drivers over the past half century, leading to observed
global warming.
Now we can see where Headline C came from:
global warming made the expected frequency 23 times
larger (because 8,547 / 379 = 23) so we expect to see a
heat wave of this magnitude (or warmer) 23 times more often because of
global warming.
Large and Yeager (2012) examined
global ocean average net
heat flux variability using the CORE data set over 1984 — 2006 and concluded that natural variability, rather than long - term climate change, dominates
heat flux changes over this relatively short, recent period.
Until then, count me among the skeptics who consider this a political rather than scientific issue, especially in light of the fact that it is believed that the Antarctic and arctic shelves are breaking from stress (from «overgrowth»), not due to
heat, since they are
larger than they have been during recorded history, and that when the alarmists are proven conclusively to be wrong, they change the terminology («
global cooling» to «
global warming» to «
global climate change» - face it, the
global climate always has been and always will be very dynamic).
The
global increase in ocean
heat content during the period 1993 to 2003 in two ocean models constrained by assimilating altimetric sea level and other observations (Carton et al., 2005; Köhl et al., 2006) is considerably
larger than these observational estimates.
While the warming of
global surface temperatures in recent years has slowed in
large part due to the more efficient
heat transfer to the deep oceans, that can't last forever.
-- the overall change to the
global heat balance climate from basic physics bounded by paleo observations (over time increasingly constrained by modern observations)-- the probable overall patterns of regional change at a
large scale — the range of impacts.
Link to paper: Big Jump of Record Warm
Global Mean Surface Temperature in 2014 - 2016 Related to Unusually
Large Oceanic
Heat Releases
Thanks to their
large heat capacity, the oceans absorb warming caused by human activities, and more than 90 % of the Earth's extra
heat from
global warming is absorbed by them.
More recently, scientists have been surprised to learn that black carbon — not only from biomass fires but from dirty diesel engines and other sources — is a far
larger contributor to
global warming than previously suspected: The dark particles absorb and retain
heat close to the Earth's surface that might otherwise be reflected.
China leads
global employment in solar PV, wind, solar
heating and cooling, small and
large hydropower, biomass and biogas.
To point out just a couple of things: — oceans warming slower (or cooling slower) than lands on long - time trends is absolutely normal, because water is more difficult both to warm or to cool (I mean, we require both a bigger
heat flow and more time); at the contrary, I see as a non-sense theory (made by some serrist, but don't know who) that oceans are storing up
heat, and that suddenly they will release such
heat as a positive feedback: or the water warms than no
heat can be considered ad «stored» (we have no phase change inside oceans, so no latent
heat) or oceans begin to release
heat but in the same time they have to cool (because they are losing
heat); so, I don't feel strange that in last years land temperatures for some series (NCDC and GISS) can be
heating up while oceans are slightly cooling, but I feel strange that they are
heating up so much to reverse
global trend from slightly negative / stable to slightly positive; but, in the end, all this is not an evidence that lands» warming is led by UHI (but, this effect, I would not exclude it from having a small part in temperature trends for some regional area, but just small); both because, as writtend, it is normal to have waters warming slower than lands, and because lands» temperatures are often measured in a not so precise way (despite they continue to give us a
global uncertainity in TT values which is barely the instrumental's one)-- but, to point out, HadCRU and MSU of last years (I mean always 2002 - 2006) follow much better waters» temperatures trend; — metropolis and
larger cities temperature trends actually show an increase in UHI effect, but I think the sites are few, and the covered area is very small worldwide, so the
global effect is very poor (but it still can be sensible for regional effects); but I would not run out a small warming trend for airport measurements due mainly to three things: increasing jet planes traffic, enlarging airports (then more buildings and more asphalt — if you follow motor sports, or simply live in a town / city, you will know how easy they get very warmer than air during day, and how much it can slow night - time cooling) and overall having airports nearer to cities (if not becoming an area inside the city after some decade of hurban growth, e.g. Milan - Linate); — I found no point about UHI in towns and villages; you will tell me they are not
large cities; but, in comparison with 20-40-60 years ago when they were «countryside», many small towns and villages have become part of
larger hurban areas (at least in Europe and Asia) so examining just
larger cities would not be enough in my opinion to get a full view of UHI effect (still remembering that it has a small
global effect: we can say many matters are due to UHI instead of GW, maybe even that a small part of measured GW is due to UHI, and that GW measurements are not so precise to make us able to make good analisyses and predictions, but not that GW is due to UHI).
«In summary, given the lack of observational robustness of minimum temperatures, the fact that the shallow nocturnal boundary layer does not reflect the
heat content of the deeper atmosphere, and problems
global models have in replicating nocturnal boundary layers, it is suggested that measures of
large - scale climate change should only use maximum temperature trends.»
Is the
heat record actually skewed towards Russia due to its
large land mass and its presumed weighting therefore in the
global record, combined with its very substantial increased anomaly due to the bocking high?
The Southern California desert also is a
global hotspot for
large - scale solar energy development, including multiple facilities already operating and producing hundreds of megawatts of electricity by concentrating the sun's
heat with arrays of mirrored panels.
The small
global mean change, however, is expected to create
large problems in sensitive areas of the Earth system — rising sea level leading to increased coastal flooding, more
heat waves and drought, and the disappearance of summer Arctic sea ice, to name a few.
We know that the vast majority of the extra
heat resulting from
global warming ends up in the ocean, and also, we know there is a lot of interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere, with
heat that might otherwise add to the atmosphere seemingly entering the ocean on a regular basis, with some of it occasionally coming out in
large quantitates during El Nino events.
A
large injection of the gas - which is 21 times more potent as an atmospheric
heat trap than carbon dioxide - has long been cited by climate scientists as the potential trigger for runaway
global warming.
As soon as a
global climate model readjusts a vertical column to unphysically alter the
large scale solution in order to maintain hydrostatic balance (overturning due to unrealistic
heating parameterizations necessitate this adjustment), there is no mathematical theory that can justify the nature of the ensuing numerical solution.
The reflect surface of the world's oceans reflects a
large quantity of the Sun's energy (the greatest cause of
global «warming») back into space before it can
heat the planet and / or be radiated in a form that can be «trapped» by the gases in the atmosphere.
By using an idealized
heating to force a comprehensive atmospheric model, the
large negative anomalous latent
heating associated with the observed deficit in central tropical Pacific rainfall is shown to be mainly responsible for the
global quasi-stationary waves in the upper troposphere.
They indicate that some regions of the Earth's surface may cool, and others warm, by amplitudes
larger than the net
global response, as a result of differences in solar
heating of land and ocean surfaces.
As I've shown in earlier comments, the atmosphere overreacts to
large heat transfers, which are redistributions of
heat and not true
global warming events.