Despite this limitation, the available research has consistently refuted the popular belief that a grazing
pattern (smaller, more frequent
meals) raises energy expenditure compared to a gorging
pattern (
larger, less frequent
meals).
The researchers found that «1) ingestion of a
large number of calories at one time (binge eating) impacts metabolic parameters even when total calories and macronutrients are appropriate for weight; 2) the timing of energy intake is an independent determinant of the diurnal rhythm of leptin secretion, indicating a relatively acute affect of energy balance on leptin dynamics; 3) the mechanism of exaggerated insulin secretion after a binge
meal remains to be determined, but may be related to the altered diurnal
pattern of leptin secretion; and 4) as most binge eating episodes in the population are associated with the ingestion of excess calories, it is hypothesized that binge eating behavior is associated with even greater metabolic dysfunction than that described herein.»