It also resulted in
the largest nuclear contamination accident in U.S. history, as shifting winds carried radioactive fallout across the inhabited atolls of Rongelap, Ailinginae and Utirik as well as Rongerik — where U.S. servicemen were stationed — in the central Pacific's Marshall Islands.
The Act arises from a letter from a group of health physicists who pointed out that the limited understanding of low - dose health risks impairs the nation's decision - making capabilities, whether in responding to radiological events involving
large populations such as the 2011 Fukushima accident or in areas such as the rapid increase in radiation - based medical procedures, the cleanup of radioactive
contamination from legacy sites and the expansion of civilian
nuclear energy.