Sentences with phrase «largest volcanic eruption»

Using SAM to bring down global temperatures just 2 degrees F (1 degree C), to preindustrial levels, would require injection amounts equivalent to one volcanic eruption per year the size of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo blast in the Philippines — the largest volcanic eruption in the last 100 years, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

It was the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century.

The Minoan eruption of Thera (modern Santorini), the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history, occurred in the Bronze Age, the late 17th century BC; the classic «Little Ice Age» began at the beginning of the 14th century AD and lasted until the mid-18th century.

Read about the fear and awe local residents felt as the skies darkened and ash rained from the sky in Witness: First Hand Accounts of the Largest Volcanic Eruption of the 20th Century.

Katmai was established as a Preserve in 1918 to protect the region surrounding Mount Katmai and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes that was devastated by the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th Century.

Cultural History eBooks: What was it like to experience the the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century?

You can read more about people's direct experiences with the 1912 eruption in Witness: First Hand Accounts of the Largest Volcanic Eruption of the Twentieth Century.

You can also experience the desolation and beauty of the Valley of 10,000 smokes while at Katmai to see a wondrous area left by the largest volcanic eruption of the last century.

Researchers have now found an explanation for what triggered the largest volcanic eruption witnessed by humankind.

Ditto for some vary large volcanic eruptions or a nuclear war.

The spatial deposition of sulfur particles in the bipolar ice cores, as calculated in the model, agrees well with the actually measured deposits of large volcanic eruptions, such as Pinatubo in 1991 or even of Tambora of 1815.

«We have found that the deposition of sulfur compounds in the Antarctic after very large volcanic eruptions in the tropics may be lower than previously thought,» the atmospheric researcher summarizes the findings of the study which has just been published in the current issue of the international «Journal of Geophysical Research — Atmosphere.»

«In any case, the results of our model study give a clear indication that the bipolar variability of sulfate deposits must be taken into consideration if the traces of large volcanic eruptions are to be deduced from ice cores,» says Dr. Krüger, «Several research groups that deal with this issue have already contacted us to verify their data through our model results.»

Natural drivers include changes in solar activity and large volcanic eruptions.

Acid in the atmosphere can come from large volcanic eruptions and human - made emissions from industry.

After large volcanic eruptions that pump sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, such as that of mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, the planet cools for a year or two.

The drill's filters, which clean water being pumped out of the borehole, became clogged with black dust — «volcanic ashes from some past large volcanic eruption,» speculated Slawek Tulaczyk, a glaciologist from the University of California, Santa Cruz, who has studied this region for two decades and co-leads the drilling project.

Here we are not dealing with large volcanic eruptions of the size of Pinatubo of Mount St. Helens, here we are talking about extreme events: The Toba caldera in the Sumatra subduction zone in Indonesia originated from one of the largest volcanic eruption in recent Earth history, about 74,000 years ago.

«We are living in a period where we are fairly quiescent in terms of large volcanic eruptions that are affecting climate.

There are many reasons that large volcanic eruptions have such far - reaching effects on global climate.

Using an interdisciplinary approach that combined evidence from climate modelling of large 20th - century eruptions, annual measurements of Nile summer flood heights from the Islamic Nilometer — the longest - known human record of environmental variability — between 622 and 1902, as well as descriptions of Nile flood quality in ancient papyri and inscriptions from the Ptolemaic era, the authors show how large volcanic eruptions impacted on Nile river flow, reducing the height of the agriculturally - critical summer flood.

Researchers know that large amounts of aerosols can significantly cool the planet; the effect has been observed after large volcanic eruptions.

By conducting a number of numerical simulations of this process, the research team showed that these large reservoirs are crucial to generating the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth.

On at least three occasions during the past 7,000 years, the penguin population was similar in magnitude to today, but was almost completely wiped out locally after each of three large volcanic eruptions.

There have been large volcanic eruptions that have contributed to short - term cooling of Earth from the SO2 that reaches the stratosphere, which is what happened following the Philippines Mount Pinatubo eruption in June 1991.

The study, published online today in Nature Communications, used sophisticated climate model simulations to show that El Niño tends to peak during the year after large volcanic eruptions like the one at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991.

The glass hinted that the large volcanic eruptions that formed the lunar basins 3.8 to 3.1 billion years ago also emitted large amounts of gas.

It is also thought that the stick - slip process that frictional melting generates is concurrent to «seismic drumbeats» which are the regular, rhythmic small earthquakes which have been recently found to accompany large volcanic eruptions.

A few years ago, he was trying to get people to take to his idea of how to mitigate global warming by pumping sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, mirroring the cooling effect caused by large volcanic eruptions.

It's also now well understood that large volcanic eruptions have a short - term cooling effect, see GW FAQ: effect of volcanic activity (short - term being the key phrase, after Church et al Nature 2005, and also http://www.llnl.gov/str/JulAug02/Santer.html)

We find an unprecedented, long - lasting and spatially synchronized cooling following a cluster of large volcanic eruptions in 536, 540 and 547 AD (ref.

I would assume that the increase in stratospheric water vapour would make for a thicker vail of sulfuric acid given a large volcanic eruption.

Perhaps in the future a large volcanic eruption (VEI 5 - 6 or greater) may cause 1 - 2 °C swings in global temperatures as they rise further as we go from enhanced greenhouse effect to enhanced reductions in insolation from thicker sulfuric acid vails.

He tells Newsweek the findings play into a bigger picture, where we see large volcanic eruptions having an impact on the global climate that causes a chain effect resulting in social unrest.

One example that I wasn't previously aware of, were the climate events of 536 AD — «dry fogs», crop failures, «dim suns» and yellow snow etc. — features consistent with a large volcanic eruption, possibly near the site of Krakatoa — and which correlates with evidence of a sulphate peak in the North GRIP ice core at the same time.

«We are living in a period where we are fairly quiescent in terms of large volcanic eruptions that are affecting climate,» Manning said.

An impact hypothesis is usefully contrasted to the impacts of a large volcanic eruption like Pinatubo in 1991.

Climate scientists have also attempted to estimate climate sensitivity based on the response to recent large volcanic eruptions, such as Mount Pinatubo in 1991.

Because of Io's low gravity, large volcanic eruptions produce an umbrella of debris that rises high into space.

Volcanoes can — and do — influence the global climate over time periods of a few years but this is achieved through the injection of sulfate aerosols into the high reaches of the atmosphere during the very large volcanic eruptions that occur sporadically each century.

She will then focus on recent results her group obtained with regard to extremely large volcanic eruptions on Jupiter's moon Io, and giant storms on Uranus using Keck Observatory.

What is your level of confidence in the prediction made by GISS: «barring the unlikely event of a large volcanic eruption, a record global temperature clearly exceeding that of 2005 can be expected within the next 2 - 3 years.»

Some are of course external — large volcanic eruptions block incoming solar radiation from reaching and being absorved by Earth's surface.

This may imply that the levels had earlier been boosted by a large volcanic eruption.

Santorini as a whole has a large half moon like bay due to a large volcanic eruption that collapsed the center of the island covering the current inhabitants and creating the bay.

Featured lists: List of volcanoes in Indonesia • List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian — Emperor seamount chain • List of largest volcanic eruptions

But going back just over a century, Katmai first came to public notice when residents of this northern Alaska Peninsula experienced one of the largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history.

I'm not saying this is going to happen, it's just a possibility which might start f.e. with a large volcanic eruption or a large earthquake near or under WAIS, I don't know how probable those are.

One of the most interesting mysteries are what appears to be large volcanic eruptions in the proxy records pre-1500 for which everybunny and their brother searches for the volcano.

Barring any large volcanic eruption, I don't see any reason for the decadal trends to depart much from the anticipated ~ 0.2 ºC / decade.