Sentences with phrase «laser fluences»
The laser fluence that provides PNBs generation probability 0.5 was defined as pump laser pulse fluence.
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Substrate and coating defect planarization strategies for high - laser - fluence multilayer mirrors
Extracting the distribution of laser damage precursors on fused silica surfaces for 351 nm, 3 ns laser pulses at high fluences (20 - 150 J / cm (2)-RRB-
«In high - energy laser systems, which use conventional solid optics, the maximum fluence (energy density) is limited by the damage of the material,» said Robert Kirkwood, the lead author on the paper and programmatic lead for the campaign.
Independent control and tuning of the fluence: each excitation laser pulse provides maximal flexibility in manipulating the lifetime (i.e. size) of the rainbow PNB in a wide range of cluster size and composition, thus circumventing the problem of the heterogeneous formation and content of NP clusters in cells.
This was achieved without increasing the fluence of laser pulses (that was, in this case, within the FDA - approved safe limit, 20 mJ / cm2 [46]-RRB- and through the rainbow mechanism of PNB generation.
The independent control of the fluence of each laser pulse allows us to optimize the excitation of the multi-NP cluster for maximal selectivity of PNB generation, whereas excitation with a single pulse does not offer this opportunity.
To compare the efficacy of the rainbow and standard mechanisms, we determined the fluence of the single laser pulse that provided the same lifetime of the PNB around a mono - NP cluster as was achieved for the rainbow PNB.
The PNB generation threshold fluence of the pump laser pulse describes both the efficacy of the photothermal conversion by NPs and the hydrodynamic conditions of PNB generation.
C4 - 2B cell population averaged PNB lifetimes (ns) under various NP targeting and laser excitation conditions (wavelength, nm / fluence, mJ / cm2).
This system (Figure 9A) will support the essential features of PNBs and rainbow bubbles specifically including simultaneous delivery of several pump pulses of specific dynamically variable fluence and wavelength, continuous probe laser radiation and delivery of the suspension with NPs and, if necessary, of optically transparent buffer fluid.
This feature also reduces the fluence of each laser pulse below the threshold for a nanobubble generated through a «single pulse - mono - NP» mechanism.
This fluence level exceeded the summarized fluence of the two laser pulses (16 +19 = 35 mJ / cm2) by 2.5 times.
The generation of a vapor bubble around a plasmonic NP (Figure 1A) requires a specific threshold of the fluence of the laser pulse.