Sentences with phrase «laser pulse itself»

To compare the efficacy of the rainbow and standard mechanisms, we determined the fluence of the single laser pulse that provided the same lifetime of the PNB around a mono - NP cluster as was achieved for the rainbow PNB.

The independent control of the fluence of each laser pulse allows us to optimize the excitation of the multi-NP cluster for maximal selectivity of PNB generation, whereas excitation with a single pulse does not offer this opportunity.

Independent control and tuning of the fluence: each excitation laser pulse provides maximal flexibility in manipulating the lifetime (i.e. size) of the rainbow PNB in a wide range of cluster size and composition, thus circumventing the problem of the heterogeneous formation and content of NP clusters in cells.

A laser pulse, a special material, an extraordinary property which appears inexplicably.

How it works: An initial laser pulse triggers a reaction in a sample that is followed an instant later by an electron pulse to produce an image.

An initial laser pulse will trigger a reaction in the sample that is followed an instant later by an electron pulse to produce an image of that reaction.

Researchers at ETH Zurich have created an x-ray laser pulse lasting just 43 attoseconds (one quntillionth of a second), which they say is the shortest controlled event ever created by humans (Credit: ETH Zurich)

The researchers used an infrared laser to generate a soft X-ray laser pulse with a large spectral bandwidth.

So, instead of measuring the tops of trees, these lidar - based systems will measure the tops of the clouds which reflect the laser pulse.

Particle removal investigations based on laser pulse interactions and atomic force measurements led to thermomechanical models [6,7].

During the course of the laser pulse, the electric field of the light wave oscillates about a dozen times.

Starting from an infrared laser, the researchers generate a soft X-ray laser pulse with a very large spectral bandwidth.

ETH professor Hans Jakob Wörner and his group have now succeeded in generating the world's shortest laser pulse with a duration of only 43 attoseconds.

The angles are set by aligning all the nitrogen molecules in the sample with a somewhat weaker laser pulse a few picoseconds (1012 second) before the imaging pulse arrives.

In that case, the COLTRIMS experiments proved that the position of the Danish physicist Niels Bohr in the «Einstein - Bohr debates» 80 years ago was correct and, shortly before that, other physicists from the atomic physics work group used COLTRIMS to «film» the destruction of a molecule by a strong laser pulse — a reaction so fast that it can not be captured by an ordinary camera.

The group, led by Paul B. Corkum and David M. Villeneuve, uses a laser pulse lasting just 30 femtoseconds (3 x 1014 second).

The source now unveiled by the University of Warsaw physicists represents the first implementation of this concept, and one that's much more integrated: here, all the photons are created immediately within the quantum memory as a result of the laser pulse, which lasts only microseconds.

The carbon is then hit with a single laser pulse lasting approximately 200 nanoseconds.

The positive charge pulls electrons back in behind the laser pulse in waves.

Chemical reactions can also be directly manipulated: Using a laser pulse can alter the course of a reaction — even chemical bonds can be broken by stopping the charge shift at a certain location in the molecule.

«In reality we are observing not the position of the electrons, but rather the high - harmonic spectrum which occurs during the process of interaction between a powerful laser pulse and a molecule.

One of the main advances dealt with the creation of plasma caused by laser energy deposited into the target well before the main part of the laser pulse hits the target.

To show that the diamonds were truly entangled, the researchers hit them with a second laser pulse just 350 femtoseconds after the first.

Moreover, the team can include effects that happen on much longer time scales than the interaction of the laser pulse itself and that strongly influence the outcome of experiments.

Initiation of their photocycle was triggered with a precisely synchronised blue laser pulse.

In larger samples, the initiating optical laser pulse is often quickly absorbed in the sample, which excites only a thin layer and leaves the bulk of the crystal unaffected.

Because nickel oxide is transparent, the researchers could shoot a laser pulse lasting just a trillionth of a second through it to reach the top nickel iron layer.

Which of the two mechanisms dominates the response to a short intense laser pulse, and how their interplay effects the carrier injection into the conduction band, is far from obvious.

To encode a single bit of data, a laser pulse melts selected gold nanorods.

«By the law of conservation of energy, the laser pulse as well as its wakefield must therefore slow down.»

Two different metals — tungsten and magnesium — are stacked and hit with a laser pulse.

In developing the method, Kwiat and his team first passed a laser pulse through two adjacent nonlinear crystals to create pairs of polarization - entangled photons.

In UEC, a sample of crystalline GeTe is bombarded with a femtosecond laser pulse, followed by a pulse of electrons.

The technique, a new development — different from Zewail's Nobel Prize - winning work in femtochemistry, the visual study of chemical processes occurring at femtosecond scales — allowed researchers to observe directly the transitioning atomic configuration of a prototypical phase - change material, germanium telluride (GeTe), when it is hit by a femtosecond laser pulse.

At the same time, they fired a second infrared laser pulse at the same target, lasting for about four femtoseconds (1 fs is 10 - 15 seconds).

This «serial time - encoded amplified microscopy» (STEAM) camera creates each image using a very short laser pulse — a flash of light only a billionth of a second long.

«For our approach, we turn on the laser pulse and modulate its intensity, gradually turning it on and then off, and we take the frequency of the laser and sweep it over a narrow range,» Kotru explains.

The ejected electron was detected by the infrared laser pulse as soon as it left the atom in response to the excitation by XUV light.

Within two weeks of receiving the express package from Bell Laboratories, we had done a proof - of - principle experiment showing that the spectral broadening in the microstructure fiber preserved the frequency comb structure in the original laser pulse.

In their experiments, the group fired a powerful laser pulse at a micrometer - sized plastic sphere, blasting a bunch of protons from the target and accelerating them to velocities approaching the speed of light.

Each atom's state can not be known with certainty until it is measured with the laser pulse — that is, it is probabilistic rather than deterministic — so the measurements can be used to generate an intrinsically random string of binary digits.

Scientists from the Chair of Laser Physics and the Chair of Applied Physics at Friedrich - Alexander - Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU) have succeeded in switching on a current with a desired direction in graphene using a single laser pulse within a femtosecond — a femtosecond corresponds to the millionth part of a billionth of a second.

By the late 1980s, the laser pulse had reached a record brevity of six femtoseconds.

Depending on the state of the ions, a resonant laser pulse will either cause them to emit a photon, representing a binary 1, or remain dark, representing a zero.

The electrons were then carried along by the laser pulse and almost instantly smashed back into the neon nuclei.

Creating a laser pulse is trickier.

Noel and Stroud were able to detect whether or not this rebuilding occurred using the third laser pulse.

Noel and Stroud achieved this using a system of mirrors and beam splitters that divided a single short laser pulse into a string of three identical pulses.

Accompanying the beam extraction, the spatial flow distribution of the negative hydrogen ions was investigated by measuring the flow of negative hydrogen ions with the use of a compound - type electrostatic probe with four needle - type electrodes irradiated by laser pulse.

Given that an atom's chemical properties depend upon the behaviour of its outermost electrons, says Stroud, the laser pulse technique could possibly be used to control chemical reactions.