A new study suggests
late Neanderthals not only buried their dead, but they also probably butchered and fashioned them into tools as well.
Remarkably, this group of
late Neanderthals also used the bones of their kind as tools, which were used to shape other tools of stone.
The new findings open up many possibilities regarding the way
late Neanderthals dealt with their dead in this last period before they died out.
«Cannibalism among
late Neanderthals in northern Europe.»
Even in the adjacent regions of northern Spain and southern France
the latest Neanderthal sites are all significantly older.»
They collected and analyzed DNA samples from the remains, adding to the current amount of
late Neanderthal genetic data.
«We now have to look very cautiously at the model of
late Neanderthal survival in southern Iberia and focus our efforts on more rigorous dating programs.»
In addition, they allow us to explore the issue of
late Neanderthal survival in regions of Western Eurasia located within early routes of AMH expansion such as the Caucasus.
This challenges previous claims for
late Neanderthal survival in the northern Caucasus.
Revised age of
late Neanderthal occupation and the end of the Middle Paleolithic in the northern Caucasus «Advances in direct radiocarbon dating of Neanderthal and anatomically modern human (AMH) fossils and the development of archaeostratigraphic chronologies now allow refined regional models for Neanderthal — AMH coexistence.
Not exact matches
Around 200,000 years
later, a small group from our own ancestral line ventured out of Africa and bred with
Neanderthals.
So advanced were their artifacts that, for years after their discovery in the
late 1920s, most archaeologists believed the people had evolved from the
Neanderthals whose remains were found in neighboring caves.
«The very similarity of
Neanderthal healthcare to that of
later periods has important implications.
NEANDERTHALS may have begun weaning their babies at 7 months, and ceased breastfeeding altogether 7 months
later.
Instead the skull indicates that modern humans met and interbred with
Neanderthals in Israel, only to
later pass on their genes to the rest of the world.
Also unclear are the circumstances of the
later split between
Neanderthals and Denisovans.
One possibility is that the fossils belong to the common ancestor of
Neanderthals and Denisovans, and some of their descendants
later headed east and became the Denisovans.
«In three new excavation sites, we found
Neanderthal artefacts dated to thousands of years
later than anywhere else in Western Europe.
They were part of an early European lineage that includes
Neanderthals, but is more primitive than the
later Pleistocene variety.
The Sima hominins were assumed to be
Neanderthal ancestors based on physical similarities and the hominins» location in Europe, where
Neanderthals most likely
later evolved.
Archaeologist Daniel Adler from the University of Connecticut, working with David Lordkipanidze and Nikolaz Tushabramishvili of the Georgian State Museum and their colleagues at the University of Haifa, Hebrew University, and Harvard University, analyzed animal remains in a rock shelter in the Republic of Georgia that was used by
Neanderthals and
later by modern humans.
Scientific American Editor in Chief Mariette DiChristina and staff editor Kate Wong talk about the contents of the August issue, including articles on some of the odd consequences of general relativity, life as a
Neanderthal, and the
latest research on celiac disease.
They confirmed earlier studies» results, which showed relatively little genetic variation in
late European
Neanderthals — in other words, that they were closely related to one another.
Previously, anthropologists thought that
Neanderthals and humans were the only hominids roaming Europe and Asia during the
late Pleistocene.
«Anatomically modern humans colonized Europe around 45,000 - 43,000 years ago, replacing
Neanderthals approximately 3,000 years
later, with potential cultural and biological interactions between these two human groups,» said Professor Hervé Bocherens, a biogeologist at the Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Germany, and lead author of a study published in the journal Scientific Reports.
The fossils included characteristics from
late archaic / early modern humans, Middle Pleistocene Eurasians, and western Eurasian
Neanderthals, hinting at possible intermixing.
In March of 2010, a finger bone of a formerly unknown human ancestor,
later called Denisovan, was found in a Siberian cave where modern human remains and
Neanderthal remains also were found.
«Our work suggests that at present, it is unlikely that
Neanderthals survived any
later in this area than they did elsewhere in mainland Europe,» said researcher Thomas Higham at the University of Oxford in England.
«What this means is that
Neanderthals did, in fact, recognize that bone could be worked in special ways to create new kinds of tools, and in this way,
Neanderthals are not different from
later modern humans,» McPherron added.
On page 25 Andrews also discusses the possibility that Homo sapiens evolved only once in Africa and spread into Europe twice, once giving rise to the
Neanderthals, and
later via Skühl and Qafzeh populations, to Homo sapiens in Europe.
One Eurasian group went to Indonesia, another gave rise to
Neanderthals and Denisovans, and a third ventured back into Africa and evolved into H. sapiens, which
later spread throughout the world.
In 1856, three years before the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, a group of miners uncovered human fossils in a limestone cave in the Neander Valley of northern Germany — what would
later be named
Neanderthal 1, the first specimen to be recognized as belonging to another, archaic species of human.
Man On Fire's moral palette never extends beyond black and white, and its plot has a distinct
Neanderthal quality, but Scott's
latest exercise in assaultive excess nevertheless lingers for two and a half hours, like a drunken houseguest who won't leave.
It's pretty tired stuff, truth be told, particularly a tiresome sub-plot involving a particularly dim
Neanderthal played by Stiller, but franchise regulars Owen Wilson and Steve Coogan give their all, Dan Stevens makes an amusing appearance as Sir Lancelot, and Hugh Jackman and Alice Eve appear in a hilarious
late cameo.
«We will sound like
Neanderthal 911 fans for saying that, but I've seen a number of generations of 911 come along now,» says Barker
later, refilling his pipe and looking wistfully into the distance.
While some think that Homo erectus started using fire in Africa, others believe that
Neanderthal man independently started using fire in Europe much
later.