The already sophisticated suspension of the A3 — with aluminum subframes front and rear, triangulated lower
lateral control arms at the front and four - link suspension at the rear — has been further refined.
The stiffness of the radial and axial arm bushings has been improved by 50 %, significantly
enhancing lateral control of the car.
Rear suspension is a Watts Z - link, which means it's a lowly beam axle, but with the link providing
good lateral control.
Like the front suspension, it is a multi-link system; BMW calls it the Integral system for its small, essentially vertical Integral Link connecting the upper and
lower lateral control planes.
Enhanced
lateral control comes from new four - wheel steering, adopted for the first time on a series production Lamborghini.
It supports longitudinal and
lateral control in stop - and - go traffic right down to a standstill and at driving speeds up to 250 kilometers / hour (155.3 mph) and supports the driver by accelerating and braking.
This means the driver has support for longitudinal and
lateral control over the entire speed range from 0 to 250 km / h (155.3 mph).
The Raptor Ranger's rear suspension uses a Watt's link setup with a solid rear axle, which Ford says provides
superior lateral control off - road while also helping improve ride and handling.
Wilbur Wright's mindset is clear in a 1910 letter: «It is our view that morally the world owes its almost universal use of our system of
lateral control entirely to us.
Pivot bearings and
lateral control arms made of aluminum reduce unsprung weight, and stiffer suspension mounts and a sportier characteristic for the electromechanical steering provide even greater precision.
«A good cross trainer should have the flexibility in the forefoot you need for running combined with
the lateral control necessary for other activities such as aerobics or tennis,» she says.
Wrangler's front suspension features
a lateral control arm and four longitudinal control arms.