This week's summaries concern: Criminal
law standard of proof / Costs where pro bono representation / Polygamy & annulment:
Prisoners subject to disciplinary segregation are entitled to certain protections, such as limits on the number of days they can stay in solitary; an independently adjudicated hearing concerning their placement; access to a lawyer for that hearing; and the benefit of a high criminal
law standard of proof (proof beyond a reasonable doubt).
The phrase «balance of evidence» was used deliberately to suggest the (English) common -
law standard of proof required in civil as opposed to criminal courts: not as high as «beyond reasonable doubt».
Not exact matches
2 Case
law supports a special instruction that jurors must not apply a different
standard of proof to lawyer defendants than other defendants.
Under
law, a victim
of medical malpractice has the burden
of proof in the case to demonstrate by a preponderance
of the evidence that the defendant health care provider was negligent or «breached the
standard of care.»
In a discussion paper published this week, the
Law Society says the SDT is expected to review the
standard of proof it applies later this year, as part
of a wider consultation on the Solicitors Disciplinary Proceedings Rules 2007.
For example, in nearly all common
law provinces, workers» compensation cases are subject to a
standard of proof that is modified by statute or regulation.
Hodgson's panel, «The
Law as a Primary Tool,» will examine such topics as the law and rules applicable to the arbitration agreement and jurisdictional issues in view of latest case law; the law applicable to ancillary issues, such as incorporation of companies, powers of attorney and other issues of representation; the law applicable to the standard of proof and evaluation of evidence; and laws potentially relevant in cases involving Stat
Law as a Primary Tool,» will examine such topics as the
law and rules applicable to the arbitration agreement and jurisdictional issues in view of latest case law; the law applicable to ancillary issues, such as incorporation of companies, powers of attorney and other issues of representation; the law applicable to the standard of proof and evaluation of evidence; and laws potentially relevant in cases involving Stat
law and rules applicable to the arbitration agreement and jurisdictional issues in view
of latest case
law; the law applicable to ancillary issues, such as incorporation of companies, powers of attorney and other issues of representation; the law applicable to the standard of proof and evaluation of evidence; and laws potentially relevant in cases involving Stat
law; the
law applicable to ancillary issues, such as incorporation of companies, powers of attorney and other issues of representation; the law applicable to the standard of proof and evaluation of evidence; and laws potentially relevant in cases involving Stat
law applicable to ancillary issues, such as incorporation
of companies, powers
of attorney and other issues
of representation; the
law applicable to the standard of proof and evaluation of evidence; and laws potentially relevant in cases involving Stat
law applicable to the
standard of proof and evaluation
of evidence; and
laws potentially relevant in cases involving States.
Topics covered include the transition to the bench, ethical principles for justices
of the peace and judicial conduct, the structure
of the courts, the role
of precedent in the common
law; the adversarial system; onus and
standards of proof; judicial independence and impartiality; and discrimination and harassment.
This right presupposes that, inter alia, the
standards of reasoned argument are known and that the judge will not consider points on which counsel have not had an opportunity to present either
proofs (
of facts) or to make representations on the
law.
If the parties do not mention the
standard of proof in a civil case, the district judge is bound to apply the normal civil
standard, just as he will apply the substantive
law of the forum state if the case is a diversity case and neither party argues choice
of law.
If the appeals in OBG and / or Mainstream had succeeded, then liability in economic tort would thereafter have depended not upon
proof of a subjective intention to break contracts but upon some objective
standard similar to that applied under the
law of negligence.
Such thinking may have been the reason why two recent statutory appeals against determinations
of the SDT have proceeded on the basis
of common ground between the parties that the applicable
standard of proof was the criminal
standard: see Afloabi v Solicitors Regulation Authority [2011] EWHC 2122 (Admin) and
Law Society v Waddingham [2012] EWHC 1519 (Admin).
Rowles J.A. was correct that failure by a trial judge to apply the correct
standard of proof in assessing evidence would constitute an error
of law.
Support for the criminal
standard can be found in the judgment
of the Divisional Court in Re A Solicitor [1993] QB 69, which considered the
standard of proof to be applied by the SDT's predecessor, the Disciplinary Tribunal
of the
Law Society.
Supporters
of the SDT applying the civil
standard would say these developments undermine the reasoning
of the Divisional Court in Re A Solicitor and that there is no reason why the common
law should grant solicitors facing disciplinary proceedings a more generous
standard of proof than police officers or school children.
Since such presumptions are unusual under Bulgarian
law, the courts will have to decide the applicable
standard of proof, which defendants will have to meet to rebut that presumption.
Despite the clear finding
of the High Court in Yarmirr, [118] Yorta Yorta, [119] and Miriuwung Gajerrong [120] that the NTA, rather than the common
law, is the primary basis for deciding the scope
of recognition
of native title, the development
of the concept
of connection, and the
standard of proof to be met by claimants, are not to be found in the NTA.
The Commission seeks leave to submit that the provisions
of the NTA which affect the concept (itself not statutory)
of abandonment, the concept
of traditional
laws and customs, the requisite connection with the claimed land or waters, the burden
of proof in relation to cessation, and the role
of oral testimony in native title claims, amongst others sub-sec 223 (1), must be construed consistently with human rights
standards relating to equality before the
law [1], the rights
of indigenous minorities to practise and revitalise their culture [2], and freedom
of religion [3].
«This
law sets up a
standard of proof that's just short
of the criminal
standard of beyond a reasonable doubt,» Richards said.