In subsequent cases, plaintiffs evolved three techniques of avoiding Chadha: (a) combining direct and indirect purchasers into one class; (b) relying on causes of action that may not require proof of loss, in order to invoke aggregate assessment of damages; and (c)
leading economic evidence regarding pass on.
Not exact matches
Conventional
economic theory suggests that low unemployment should ultimately
lead to upward pressure on wages - but there has been scant
evidence of this during the latest squeeze on household finances.
Still, investors continued the habit of confusing lagging and coincident indicators for
leading ones, so the positive GDP figure was taken as
evidence that an oncoming
economic downturn was «off the table.»
While
leading measures and our Recession Warning Composite do not currently provide enough
evidence to anticipate an oncoming recession with confidence, they do suggest much greater prospects for
economic weakness than the Wall Street consensus suggests.
Suffice it to say that the improvement in new unemployment claims strikes me as a legitimately hopeful development, but there is too much short - term noise, and inconsistency with other
economic evidence (reliable
leading indicators, falling tax withholdings) to draw a convincing signal.
Is it really likely that when the Romans heard Paul's words about creation being «subjected to futility» in 8:20 they «could well have thought about how imperial ambitions, military conflicts, and
economic exploitation had
led to the erosion of the natural environment throughout the Mediterranean world, leaving ruined cities, depleted fields, deforested mountains, and polluted streams as
evidence of this universal human vanity»?
If I were to take all the
leading economic indicators as
evidence of my own mood I would say they we are in a depression.
But one observation is essential and irrefutable based on centuries of empirical
evidence: In this fallen world, no other
economic system
leads to broadly distributed human flourishing remotely on the scale of capitalism.
The revised RCPCH position statement on breastfeeding, also launched today, points out the rapid decline in breastfeeding rates (
leading to fewer than half of all babies receiving any breastmilk at all by 6 - 8 weeks after birth), the research
evidence on improved health outcomes and intelligence scores, and the
economic impact.
(CNN)- Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley championed a series of progressive causes during a policy speech in Washington Thursday, touting his state's
economic record as
evidence that encouraging liberal social issues can
lead to prosperity.
The Chancellor should appoint a Chief Scientific Adviser to develop the
evidence - base and
lead a debate about the future direction of the government's
economic impact agenda prior to the next spending review.»
Too much time and paperwork are involved in writing the student's individualized education programs and too little in making sure that the teachers know what to put into the program, can teach its content, and can defend the program on the basis of
evidence that the program
leads to full participation,
economic self - sufficiency, and independent living.
International
evidence suggests that adoption of market - based education policies that rely on school choice and competition between schools over enrollment often
leads to segregation of children into different schools according to their socio -
economic background, race or parents» awareness of educational opportunities.
But the weight of the
evidence suggests that, at least on average, public spending on universities
leads to both desirable outcomes for students and faster
economic growth.
We examine 174 different nations across the globe from 1999 to 2014, and find significant
evidence to suggest that private schooling
leads to enhanced political and
economic freedom.
Function: Chapter
Lead Authors are responsible for ensuring their chapters provide an organized overview of the important scientific, technical,
economic, and social issues regarding climate change, assessing each issue with scientific objectivity and attention to all relevant
evidence.
To address practical challenges for developers of green infrastructure projects as well as decision - makers, Forest Trends, together with other
leading non-governmental organizations in this field and water sector professionals, is working on a robust
evidence base that better quantifies and communicates the hydrological and
economic benefits of green infrastructure.
Just as the accumulating scientific
evidence makes plainer every day that Global Warming is taking place and that anthropogenic emissions are the
lead driver, accumulating socio -
economic and political
evidence makes plainer every day that the Carbon Tax should be the
lead driver along the road to climate stability.
I think there is more historical
evidence of a chance of
economic collapse
leading to wars than there is if the temperature goes up 1 - 2C.
The Tribunal accepted the Commissioner's rough estimate of the
economic harm, even though the Commissioner had not
led evidence of a necessary element in quantifying
economic harm.
Its work, and that of other
leading research centres such as the Centre for Aboriginal
Economic Policy Research (CAEPR) at ANU, the Desert Knowledge Centre in Alice Springs, and emerging institutes such as the United Nations University's Centre on Traditional Knowledge, could be enhanced by a national body with a strong commitment to
evidence based research.
Housing starts, as a
leading economic indicator, provide
evidence that Florida is rebounding from the Great Recession.