It has also decreased the amount of the oldest, thickest Arctic sea ice,
leaving polar waters dominated by thinner ice that forms in the fall and melts in the summer.
a) Satellite image showing fast disintegration of sea ice over a
polar continental shelf; b) Zoobenthos on an Antarctic continental shelf; c) Examples of sea mosses (specimens on the
left are from an open -
water location and hence have had more plankton to feed on); and d) Dead bryozoan and other benthic skeletons covering the seabed, most likely to be buried, sequestering their blue carbon in the seabed.