This inquiry may be expressed both as a search for the purpose of the enacting body, and
the legal effect of the law itself (see para. 34).
Not exact matches
The
law, however, calls for a period
of negotiations with Madrid and the international community, implying that a move to declare independence would not have immediate
effects in the
legal relationship between the region and the rest
of Spain.
Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include, without limitation: (1) the
effect of economic conditions in the industries and markets in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including financial market conditions, fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, levels
of end market demand in construction and in both the commercial and defense segments
of the aerospace industry, levels
of air travel, financial condition
of commercial airlines, the impact
of weather conditions and natural disasters and the financial condition
of our customers and suppliers; (2) challenges in the development, production, delivery, support, performance and realization
of the anticipated benefits
of advanced technologies and new products and services; (3) the scope, nature, impact or timing
of acquisition and divestiture or restructuring activity, including the pending acquisition
of Rockwell Collins, including among other things integration
of acquired businesses into United Technologies» existing businesses and realization
of synergies and opportunities for growth and innovation; (4) future timing and levels
of indebtedness, including indebtedness expected to be incurred by United Technologies in connection with the pending Rockwell Collins acquisition, and capital spending and research and development spending, including in connection with the pending Rockwell Collins acquisition; (5) future availability
of credit and factors that may affect such availability, including credit market conditions and our capital structure; (6) the timing and scope
of future repurchases
of United Technologies» common stock, which may be suspended at any time due to various factors, including market conditions and the level
of other investing activities and uses
of cash, including in connection with the proposed acquisition
of Rockwell; (7) delays and disruption in delivery
of materials and services from suppliers; (8) company and customer - directed cost reduction efforts and restructuring costs and savings and other consequences thereof; (9) new business and investment opportunities; (10) our ability to realize the intended benefits
of organizational changes; (11) the anticipated benefits
of diversification and balance
of operations across product lines, regions and industries; (12) the outcome
of legal proceedings, investigations and other contingencies; (13) pension plan assumptions and future contributions; (14) the impact
of the negotiation
of collective bargaining agreements and labor disputes; (15) the
effect of changes in political conditions in the U.S. and other countries in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate, including the
effect of changes in U.S. trade policies or the U.K.'s pending withdrawal from the EU, on general market conditions, global trade policies and currency exchange rates in the near term and beyond; (16) the
effect of changes in tax (including U.S. tax reform enacted on December 22, 2017, which is commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
of 2017), environmental, regulatory (including among other things import / export) and other
laws and regulations in the U.S. and other countries in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate; (17) the ability
of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins to receive the required regulatory approvals (and the risk that such approvals may result in the imposition
of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits
of the merger) and to satisfy the other conditions to the closing
of the pending acquisition on a timely basis or at all; (18) the occurrence
of events that may give rise to a right
of one or both
of United Technologies or Rockwell Collins to terminate the merger agreement, including in circumstances that might require Rockwell Collins to pay a termination fee
of $ 695 million to United Technologies or $ 50 million
of expense reimbursement; (19) negative
effects of the announcement or the completion
of the merger on the market price
of United Technologies» and / or Rockwell Collins» common stock and / or on their respective financial performance; (20) risks related to Rockwell Collins and United Technologies being restricted in their operation
of their businesses while the merger agreement is in
effect; (21) risks relating to the value
of the United Technologies» shares to be issued in connection with the pending Rockwell acquisition, significant merger costs and / or unknown liabilities; (22) risks associated with third party contracts containing consent and / or other provisions that may be triggered by the Rockwell merger agreement; (23) risks associated with merger - related litigation or appraisal proceedings; and (24) the ability
of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins, or the combined company, to retain and hire key personnel.
As a Japanese Cabinet - signed
law recognizing virtual currencies like bitcoin as a
legal method
of payment goes into
effect on April 1,...
If that is true, then Posner's suggestion that the
legal academy might achieve a different and better sort
of professionalization through study
of the
law's actual
effects would, on the whole, probably be a positive development.
Lader argued that the original intent
of the anti-abortion
laws which were passed in the 19th century was to protect the health
of women from the dangers
of quack abortionists, but since
legal abortions had become so safe, the continued presence
of these
laws had the opposite
of their intended
effect, forcing women into a dangerous back - alley underground.
They kept the employee coverage because they are «hopeful that
legal challenges to the health care
law will prevent much
of it from taking
effect», so that same reasoning would apply to the students health policy, but they dropped it anyway.
He said the school is retaining its health care plan for employees because it is hopeful that
legal challenges to the health care
law will prevent much
of it from taking
effect.
«the school is retaining its health care plan for employees because it is hopeful that
legal challenges to the health care
law will prevent much
of it from taking
effect.»
I appreciate this
legal reasoning might not be very satisfying, particularly in light
of your hypothetical, and while I personally disagree with the
effect being a religious business owner may indirectly impose their beliefs upon their employees, I nonetheless see the decision as a correct application
of the
law (i.e. RFRA) as written.
«32 Just as Puritanism had the
effect of making every issue a moral question, so also, as Pound noted, did every moral question become a
legal question.33 The notion
of «contempt
of court,» as found in English and American
law, illustrates the point well:
I expressly agree that this release, waiver, and indemnity agreement is intended to be as broad and inclusive as permitted by the
laws of the State
of California and that if any portion thereof is held invalid, it is agreed that the balance shall, notwithstanding, continue in full force and
legal effect.
EACH
OF THE UNDERSIGNED further expressly agrees that the foregoing release, waiver, and indemnity agreement is intended to be as broad and inclusive as is permitted by the law of the Province or State in which the event is conducted and that if any portion is held invalid, it is agreed that the balance shall, notwithstanding continue in full legal force and effec
OF THE UNDERSIGNED further expressly agrees that the foregoing release, waiver, and indemnity agreement is intended to be as broad and inclusive as is permitted by the
law of the Province or State in which the event is conducted and that if any portion is held invalid, it is agreed that the balance shall, notwithstanding continue in full legal force and effec
of the Province or State in which the event is conducted and that if any portion is held invalid, it is agreed that the balance shall, notwithstanding continue in full
legal force and
effect.
In about 1864 (during American civil war between the Union side and the Confederates), President Abraham Lincoln, through an executive order / decree, suspended the
legal «writ
of summons», made a
law that was back - dated (retrospective
effect) and used it to try some detained saboteur suspects, and those convicted were executed within days after the review
of the judgment.
However, the removal
of foreign criminals is
effected by
legal issues Green said, saying that the UK Borders Agency (UKBA) had to «operate within the
law».
But Kieron Beal and Tom Hickman
of Blackstone Chambers argued in a 2011 paper that «there can no longer be any real doubt that the Charter has
legal effect in UK
law».
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Association
of Erie County Governments urgently asks Governor Andrew M. Cuomo & the Legislative leaders to suspend this
law as soon as possible and to look at all
of the aspects
of gun control using the proper
legal procedure to bring about a
law that will address gun control in a more logical manner, focusing on the real issues related to gun control — a
law that will strengthen the
effect on public safety and not infringe upon our constitutional rights.
This association held even after the researchers accounted for other potential factors, including total population, number
of law enforcement employees, median age, gender distribution, race distribution, poverty rate, unemployment rate, unobserved heterogeneity among cities (e.g., city area,
legal system), and unobserved time - varying
effects (e.g., macroeconomic conditions).
• More effective management and protection
of large areas outside
of formally protected areas; • Increased
law enforcement combined with improved
legal frameworks and stiffer sanctions for poachers; • Coordination across all sectors on land use and protection
of natural resources with a priority on conserving great ape populations; • Conservation advocacy for wildlife and
law enforcement to
effect behavior change; • An enhanced understanding
of diseases such as Ebola to guide conservation actions; • Monitoring
of great ape abundance and distribution, habitat loss, and illegal activities.
The new
law specifically provides that the U.S. Secretary
of Education has no authority to require states to implement any kind
of teacher evaluation system, and that all waivers have no
legal effect on or after Aug. 1, 2016.
(a) Whenever the Attorney General receives a complaint in writing signed by an individual to the
effect that he is being deprived
of or threatened with the loss
of his right to the equal protection
of the
laws, on account
of his race, color, religion, or national origin, by being denied equal utilization
of any public facility which is owned, operated, or managed by or on behalf
of any State or subdivision thereof, other than a public school or public college as defined in section 401
of title IV hereof, and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer or signers
of such complaint are unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate
legal proceedings for relief and that the institution
of an action will materially further the orderly progress
of desegregation in public facilities, the Attorney General is authorized to institute for or in the name
of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district court
of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction
of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section.
The General Attorney occupation covers professional
legal positions involved in preparing cases for trial and / or the trial
of cases before a court or an administrative body or persons having quasi-judicial power; rendering
legal advice and services with respect to questions, regulations, practices, or other matters falling within the purview
of a Federal Government agency (this may include conducting investigations to obtain evidentiary data); preparing interpretative and administrative orders, rules, or regulations to give
effect to the provisions
of governing statutes or other requirements
of law; drafting, negotiating, or examining contracts or other
legal documents required by the agency's activities; drafting, preparing formal comments, or otherwise making substantive recommendations with respect to proposed legislation; editing and preparing for publication statutes enacted by Congress, opinions or discussions
of a court, commission, or board; drafting and reviewing decisions for consideration and adoption by agency officials.
Instead
of serving up an all - encompassing formal treaty that requires ratification
of a certain mix
of countries to take
effect under international
law, an agreement's
legal force on emissions could stem from domestic
laws countries pass to implement the emission - control efforts they pledge.
The movement to make ecocide a crime against peace under international
law, led by UK - based lawyer Polly Higgins, as well as efforts to grant
legal rights to Mother Earth, such as Bolivia has done, is exactly where we need to be going in terms
of the highest level
of environmental thinking: Recognizing that destroying whole swaths
of the planet, with little to no concern for the
effect on all the creatures that live upon it, is not just unethical, unacceptable behavior, but is also a crime, a crime against humanity, a crime against life itself.
And therefore devices such as the following are used by
law societies: (1) methods to control an alleged over-supply
of lawyers; (2) «alternative
legal services,» which are charity, simplistic services, and without the benefit
of the solicitor - client relationship (pro bono services being but a very small exception, and possibly targeted
legal services); and, (3) the sponsoring
of «apps,» (the application
of electronic technology to
legal services), the
effect of which upon the problem is unknown and unanalyzed, and can not solve any such access to justice problem.
«The fact that Lawriter continues to threaten
legal action, including under the copyright
laws, does not alter the
effect of the Eleventh Circuit's decision,» Judge Batten said.
All settlements require trade offs to one degree or another, and where a client freely exercises his or her discretion to
effect a compromise, informed by
legal advice and knowledge
of the
law, and in the absence
of pressure or undue influence, the lawyer should respect the client's choice.
The Court thus avoided the question
of direct
effect, but at the same time was able to give
effect to the Aarhus Convention in the EU
legal order through conforming interpretation
of existing EU
law.
Neither report focuses on non-market provision
of legal services through
legal aid and otherwise or
effect of the
law and
legal institutions on access to justice.
The article notes that both Riverview
Law and BLP Legal Risk Consultancy, an offshoot of UK law firm Berwin Leighton Paisner, are seeking to develop legal AI tool «to ensure that lawyers spend less time understanding what is, in effect, administrative work and more time using their legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.&raq
Law and BLP
Legal Risk Consultancy, an offshoot of UK law firm Berwin Leighton Paisner, are seeking to develop legal AI tool «to ensure that lawyers spend less time understanding what is, in effect, administrative work and more time using their legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.&r
Legal Risk Consultancy, an offshoot
of UK
law firm Berwin Leighton Paisner, are seeking to develop legal AI tool «to ensure that lawyers spend less time understanding what is, in effect, administrative work and more time using their legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.&raq
law firm Berwin Leighton Paisner, are seeking to develop
legal AI tool «to ensure that lawyers spend less time understanding what is, in effect, administrative work and more time using their legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.&r
legal AI tool «to ensure that lawyers spend less time understanding what is, in
effect, administrative work and more time using their
legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.&r
legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.»
In fact, the Carnegie Report's recommendation to this
effect acknowledges that it is «building on the work already underway in several
law schools...» 49 And based on these experiences, a robust literature has developed extolling the virtues
of integrating writing with doctrine.50 In reviewing this literature, a number
of themes emerge: integration sends the right institutional message to students about the importance
of writing in their
legal careers and about the relationships between doctrine, analysis, and writing; 51 there is a strong connection between writing and thinking; 52 and writing is an integral part
of the learning process.53 Integrating doctrine and writing therefore sends an explicit message that
law students do not write in a vacuum, they always write about some
legal doctrine, and they learn that doctrine better when they analyze it fully enough to be able to write about it.
Ian Gallacher considered this question in his study
of readability scores
of briefs filed in New York's highest court from 1969 to 2008.244 Gallacher's study «was designed to reveal if the
effects of systematic
legal - writing instruction in
law schools could be seen in documents written by lawyers.»
The presentation titled «Will Your Next Lawyer Be a Machine» will focus on the technology that is being used in
legal to replace or enhance lawyers, its overall
effect on consumers and the business
of law, and projections for the future
of artificial intelligence and other technology in the
legal industry.current trends in
legal tech and integrating mobile devices.
In response, the AG quotes case -
law of the CJEU holding that for an act to be actionable, it must be binding and capable
of producing
legal effects.
In particular, as part
of a more qualitative approach, one needs to have a look whether the current perceived «turbulences» have also by now reached the more fundamental layers
of international
law, i.e. meta - rules such as the ones on sources, State responsibility, State immunity, treaty interpretation, or res judicata
effect of international court decisions must be abided by the parties involved, to name but a few, the general acceptance
of which is indispensable for a functioning international
legal system.
Must, or should, a declaration permitted under an international convention be expressly «implemented» in Canadian
law, or is implementation
of the convention as a whole sufficient to give
legal effect not only to the convention but also to any declaration made by Canada?
But the
legal operation and
effect of common
law assurances will remain untouched by the want
of registration.
Thus if the
law does not require any
of these forms, the
legal effect of electronic communications does not rely on the legislation based on the Uniform Act.
Everything Conservative government Cabinet ministers and representatives said about their Bill C - 16 in the House
of Commons and Senate made it clear that the
legal effect of the Bill (which became
law in May 2007) is to require the government (whether minority or majority) to lose a vote
of confidence in the House
of Commons before the Prime Minister can advise the Governor General to dissolve Parliament and call an election.
Listening to
law librarians and developing an effective strategy to respond to their concerns is essential if
legal publishers are to limit the
effects of the cancellation
of loose - leaf and online services.
It is now generally recognized that «code is
law»: how computers process the millions
of on / off, yes / no signals in their binary universe can have
legal effects beyond their obvious output.
According to Angela, computerized
legal research has made matters even worse: «The
effect of the proliferation
of topical
law reports has been replicated in a different way by the use
of computers in
legal research.
If
law societies regulated fees, I suggest it would have two
effects (1) increase both the availability
of legal services to the poor generally, and the size
of the pool
of potential clients who could seriously even consider retaining a lawyer, and (2) in the long term, change the character
of the
legal professional (as a collection
of individuals) for the better by making the practice
of law more like social work, rather than drawing in the sorts
of people who's skills are better employed in such fields as sales and business entrepreneurship.
Not only will the UK lose the ability to influence EU policy making in the field
of environmental protection, the
legal effects of EU environmental
law in the UK's domestic
legal order will change as the result
of the UK no longer being subject to the jurisdiction
of the European Court
of Justice.
The whole point
of an article 218 (11) reference, moreover, was «to forestall the
legal complications caused by situations in which the Member States enter into international commitments without the requisite authorisation when, under EU
law, they no longer have the necessary legislative competence to put those commitments into
effect» (para 47).
LASPO took
effect in April 2013, removing
legal aid from vast tranches
of civil and private family
law, including housing (except where an imminent threat
of homelessness exists) and social security
law.
Effect of Recession But
law firm control
of the
legal services market was doomed, and, as a consequence, so was the unchallenged pre-eminence
of the billable hour.
When lawyer Robert P. Bigelow came out with his book Computers and the
Law: An Introductory Handbook in 1966, he was so far ahead
of his time that a reviewer
of the book noted, «The
effects of computers upon the
legal profession are still basically unknown.»
The Supreme Court ruled in the Head Money Cases that «treaties» (ratified by 2/3
of the Senate as specified in Article II) have the same
legal effect in US
law as regular legislation passed by Congress (by a simple majority
of both houses), which means that Congress can modify or repeal (insofar as US
law is concerned) any «treaty» that is ratified by the Senate, by passing a later
law that contradicts it, just like it can with regular legislation.
The essential characteristics
of the Community
legal order which has thus been established are in particular its primacy over the
law of the Member States and the direct
effect of a whole series
of provisions which are applicable to their nationals and to the Member States themselves.»