Sentences with phrase «legal effects of laws»

This inquiry may be expressed both as a search for the purpose of the enacting body, and the legal effect of the law itself (see para. 34).

Not exact matches

The law, however, calls for a period of negotiations with Madrid and the international community, implying that a move to declare independence would not have immediate effects in the legal relationship between the region and the rest of Spain.

Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include, without limitation: (1) the effect of economic conditions in the industries and markets in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including financial market conditions, fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, levels of end market demand in construction and in both the commercial and defense segments of the aerospace industry, levels of air travel, financial condition of commercial airlines, the impact of weather conditions and natural disasters and the financial condition of our customers and suppliers; (2) challenges in the development, production, delivery, support, performance and realization of the anticipated benefits of advanced technologies and new products and services; (3) the scope, nature, impact or timing of acquisition and divestiture or restructuring activity, including the pending acquisition of Rockwell Collins, including among other things integration of acquired businesses into United Technologies» existing businesses and realization of synergies and opportunities for growth and innovation; (4) future timing and levels of indebtedness, including indebtedness expected to be incurred by United Technologies in connection with the pending Rockwell Collins acquisition, and capital spending and research and development spending, including in connection with the pending Rockwell Collins acquisition; (5) future availability of credit and factors that may affect such availability, including credit market conditions and our capital structure; (6) the timing and scope of future repurchases of United Technologies» common stock, which may be suspended at any time due to various factors, including market conditions and the level of other investing activities and uses of cash, including in connection with the proposed acquisition of Rockwell; (7) delays and disruption in delivery of materials and services from suppliers; (8) company and customer - directed cost reduction efforts and restructuring costs and savings and other consequences thereof; (9) new business and investment opportunities; (10) our ability to realize the intended benefits of organizational changes; (11) the anticipated benefits of diversification and balance of operations across product lines, regions and industries; (12) the outcome of legal proceedings, investigations and other contingencies; (13) pension plan assumptions and future contributions; (14) the impact of the negotiation of collective bargaining agreements and labor disputes; (15) the effect of changes in political conditions in the U.S. and other countries in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate, including the effect of changes in U.S. trade policies or the U.K.'s pending withdrawal from the EU, on general market conditions, global trade policies and currency exchange rates in the near term and beyond; (16) the effect of changes in tax (including U.S. tax reform enacted on December 22, 2017, which is commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017), environmental, regulatory (including among other things import / export) and other laws and regulations in the U.S. and other countries in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate; (17) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins to receive the required regulatory approvals (and the risk that such approvals may result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits of the merger) and to satisfy the other conditions to the closing of the pending acquisition on a timely basis or at all; (18) the occurrence of events that may give rise to a right of one or both of United Technologies or Rockwell Collins to terminate the merger agreement, including in circumstances that might require Rockwell Collins to pay a termination fee of $ 695 million to United Technologies or $ 50 million of expense reimbursement; (19) negative effects of the announcement or the completion of the merger on the market price of United Technologies» and / or Rockwell Collins» common stock and / or on their respective financial performance; (20) risks related to Rockwell Collins and United Technologies being restricted in their operation of their businesses while the merger agreement is in effect; (21) risks relating to the value of the United Technologies» shares to be issued in connection with the pending Rockwell acquisition, significant merger costs and / or unknown liabilities; (22) risks associated with third party contracts containing consent and / or other provisions that may be triggered by the Rockwell merger agreement; (23) risks associated with merger - related litigation or appraisal proceedings; and (24) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins, or the combined company, to retain and hire key personnel.

As a Japanese Cabinet - signed law recognizing virtual currencies like bitcoin as a legal method of payment goes into effect on April 1,...

If that is true, then Posner's suggestion that the legal academy might achieve a different and better sort of professionalization through study of the law's actual effects would, on the whole, probably be a positive development.

Lader argued that the original intent of the anti-abortion laws which were passed in the 19th century was to protect the health of women from the dangers of quack abortionists, but since legal abortions had become so safe, the continued presence of these laws had the opposite of their intended effect, forcing women into a dangerous back - alley underground.

They kept the employee coverage because they are «hopeful that legal challenges to the health care law will prevent much of it from taking effect», so that same reasoning would apply to the students health policy, but they dropped it anyway.

He said the school is retaining its health care plan for employees because it is hopeful that legal challenges to the health care law will prevent much of it from taking effect.

«the school is retaining its health care plan for employees because it is hopeful that legal challenges to the health care law will prevent much of it from taking effect.»

I appreciate this legal reasoning might not be very satisfying, particularly in light of your hypothetical, and while I personally disagree with the effect being a religious business owner may indirectly impose their beliefs upon their employees, I nonetheless see the decision as a correct application of the law (i.e. RFRA) as written.

«32 Just as Puritanism had the effect of making every issue a moral question, so also, as Pound noted, did every moral question become a legal question.33 The notion of «contempt of court,» as found in English and American law, illustrates the point well:

I expressly agree that this release, waiver, and indemnity agreement is intended to be as broad and inclusive as permitted by the laws of the State of California and that if any portion thereof is held invalid, it is agreed that the balance shall, notwithstanding, continue in full force and legal effect.

EACH OF THE UNDERSIGNED further expressly agrees that the foregoing release, waiver, and indemnity agreement is intended to be as broad and inclusive as is permitted by the law of the Province or State in which the event is conducted and that if any portion is held invalid, it is agreed that the balance shall, notwithstanding continue in full legal force and effecOF THE UNDERSIGNED further expressly agrees that the foregoing release, waiver, and indemnity agreement is intended to be as broad and inclusive as is permitted by the law of the Province or State in which the event is conducted and that if any portion is held invalid, it is agreed that the balance shall, notwithstanding continue in full legal force and effecof the Province or State in which the event is conducted and that if any portion is held invalid, it is agreed that the balance shall, notwithstanding continue in full legal force and effect.

In about 1864 (during American civil war between the Union side and the Confederates), President Abraham Lincoln, through an executive order / decree, suspended the legal «writ of summons», made a law that was back - dated (retrospective effect) and used it to try some detained saboteur suspects, and those convicted were executed within days after the review of the judgment.

However, the removal of foreign criminals is effected by legal issues Green said, saying that the UK Borders Agency (UKBA) had to «operate within the law».

But Kieron Beal and Tom Hickman of Blackstone Chambers argued in a 2011 paper that «there can no longer be any real doubt that the Charter has legal effect in UK law».

NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Association of Erie County Governments urgently asks Governor Andrew M. Cuomo & the Legislative leaders to suspend this law as soon as possible and to look at all of the aspects of gun control using the proper legal procedure to bring about a law that will address gun control in a more logical manner, focusing on the real issues related to gun control — a law that will strengthen the effect on public safety and not infringe upon our constitutional rights.

This association held even after the researchers accounted for other potential factors, including total population, number of law enforcement employees, median age, gender distribution, race distribution, poverty rate, unemployment rate, unobserved heterogeneity among cities (e.g., city area, legal system), and unobserved time - varying effects (e.g., macroeconomic conditions).

• More effective management and protection of large areas outside of formally protected areas; • Increased law enforcement combined with improved legal frameworks and stiffer sanctions for poachers; • Coordination across all sectors on land use and protection of natural resources with a priority on conserving great ape populations; • Conservation advocacy for wildlife and law enforcement to effect behavior change; • An enhanced understanding of diseases such as Ebola to guide conservation actions; • Monitoring of great ape abundance and distribution, habitat loss, and illegal activities.

The new law specifically provides that the U.S. Secretary of Education has no authority to require states to implement any kind of teacher evaluation system, and that all waivers have no legal effect on or after Aug. 1, 2016.

(a) Whenever the Attorney General receives a complaint in writing signed by an individual to the effect that he is being deprived of or threatened with the loss of his right to the equal protection of the laws, on account of his race, color, religion, or national origin, by being denied equal utilization of any public facility which is owned, operated, or managed by or on behalf of any State or subdivision thereof, other than a public school or public college as defined in section 401 of title IV hereof, and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer or signers of such complaint are unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief and that the institution of an action will materially further the orderly progress of desegregation in public facilities, the Attorney General is authorized to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section.

The General Attorney occupation covers professional legal positions involved in preparing cases for trial and / or the trial of cases before a court or an administrative body or persons having quasi-judicial power; rendering legal advice and services with respect to questions, regulations, practices, or other matters falling within the purview of a Federal Government agency (this may include conducting investigations to obtain evidentiary data); preparing interpretative and administrative orders, rules, or regulations to give effect to the provisions of governing statutes or other requirements of law; drafting, negotiating, or examining contracts or other legal documents required by the agency's activities; drafting, preparing formal comments, or otherwise making substantive recommendations with respect to proposed legislation; editing and preparing for publication statutes enacted by Congress, opinions or discussions of a court, commission, or board; drafting and reviewing decisions for consideration and adoption by agency officials.

Instead of serving up an all - encompassing formal treaty that requires ratification of a certain mix of countries to take effect under international law, an agreement's legal force on emissions could stem from domestic laws countries pass to implement the emission - control efforts they pledge.

The movement to make ecocide a crime against peace under international law, led by UK - based lawyer Polly Higgins, as well as efforts to grant legal rights to Mother Earth, such as Bolivia has done, is exactly where we need to be going in terms of the highest level of environmental thinking: Recognizing that destroying whole swaths of the planet, with little to no concern for the effect on all the creatures that live upon it, is not just unethical, unacceptable behavior, but is also a crime, a crime against humanity, a crime against life itself.

And therefore devices such as the following are used by law societies: (1) methods to control an alleged over-supply of lawyers; (2) «alternative legal services,» which are charity, simplistic services, and without the benefit of the solicitor - client relationship (pro bono services being but a very small exception, and possibly targeted legal services); and, (3) the sponsoring of «apps,» (the application of electronic technology to legal services), the effect of which upon the problem is unknown and unanalyzed, and can not solve any such access to justice problem.

«The fact that Lawriter continues to threaten legal action, including under the copyright laws, does not alter the effect of the Eleventh Circuit's decision,» Judge Batten said.

All settlements require trade offs to one degree or another, and where a client freely exercises his or her discretion to effect a compromise, informed by legal advice and knowledge of the law, and in the absence of pressure or undue influence, the lawyer should respect the client's choice.

The Court thus avoided the question of direct effect, but at the same time was able to give effect to the Aarhus Convention in the EU legal order through conforming interpretation of existing EU law.

Neither report focuses on non-market provision of legal services through legal aid and otherwise or effect of the law and legal institutions on access to justice.

The article notes that both Riverview Law and BLP Legal Risk Consultancy, an offshoot of UK law firm Berwin Leighton Paisner, are seeking to develop legal AI tool «to ensure that lawyers spend less time understanding what is, in effect, administrative work and more time using their legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.&raqLaw and BLP Legal Risk Consultancy, an offshoot of UK law firm Berwin Leighton Paisner, are seeking to develop legal AI tool «to ensure that lawyers spend less time understanding what is, in effect, administrative work and more time using their legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.&rLegal Risk Consultancy, an offshoot of UK law firm Berwin Leighton Paisner, are seeking to develop legal AI tool «to ensure that lawyers spend less time understanding what is, in effect, administrative work and more time using their legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.&raqlaw firm Berwin Leighton Paisner, are seeking to develop legal AI tool «to ensure that lawyers spend less time understanding what is, in effect, administrative work and more time using their legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.&rlegal AI tool «to ensure that lawyers spend less time understanding what is, in effect, administrative work and more time using their legal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.&rlegal skills to offer clients high - level analysis and advice.»

In fact, the Carnegie Report's recommendation to this effect acknowledges that it is «building on the work already underway in several law schools...» 49 And based on these experiences, a robust literature has developed extolling the virtues of integrating writing with doctrine.50 In reviewing this literature, a number of themes emerge: integration sends the right institutional message to students about the importance of writing in their legal careers and about the relationships between doctrine, analysis, and writing; 51 there is a strong connection between writing and thinking; 52 and writing is an integral part of the learning process.53 Integrating doctrine and writing therefore sends an explicit message that law students do not write in a vacuum, they always write about some legal doctrine, and they learn that doctrine better when they analyze it fully enough to be able to write about it.

Ian Gallacher considered this question in his study of readability scores of briefs filed in New York's highest court from 1969 to 2008.244 Gallacher's study «was designed to reveal if the effects of systematic legal - writing instruction in law schools could be seen in documents written by lawyers.»

The presentation titled «Will Your Next Lawyer Be a Machine» will focus on the technology that is being used in legal to replace or enhance lawyers, its overall effect on consumers and the business of law, and projections for the future of artificial intelligence and other technology in the legal industry.current trends in legal tech and integrating mobile devices.

In response, the AG quotes case - law of the CJEU holding that for an act to be actionable, it must be binding and capable of producing legal effects.

In particular, as part of a more qualitative approach, one needs to have a look whether the current perceived «turbulences» have also by now reached the more fundamental layers of international law, i.e. meta - rules such as the ones on sources, State responsibility, State immunity, treaty interpretation, or res judicata effect of international court decisions must be abided by the parties involved, to name but a few, the general acceptance of which is indispensable for a functioning international legal system.

Must, or should, a declaration permitted under an international convention be expressly «implemented» in Canadian law, or is implementation of the convention as a whole sufficient to give legal effect not only to the convention but also to any declaration made by Canada?

But the legal operation and effect of common law assurances will remain untouched by the want of registration.

Thus if the law does not require any of these forms, the legal effect of electronic communications does not rely on the legislation based on the Uniform Act.

Everything Conservative government Cabinet ministers and representatives said about their Bill C - 16 in the House of Commons and Senate made it clear that the legal effect of the Bill (which became law in May 2007) is to require the government (whether minority or majority) to lose a vote of confidence in the House of Commons before the Prime Minister can advise the Governor General to dissolve Parliament and call an election.

Listening to law librarians and developing an effective strategy to respond to their concerns is essential if legal publishers are to limit the effects of the cancellation of loose - leaf and online services.

It is now generally recognized that «code is law»: how computers process the millions of on / off, yes / no signals in their binary universe can have legal effects beyond their obvious output.

According to Angela, computerized legal research has made matters even worse: «The effect of the proliferation of topical law reports has been replicated in a different way by the use of computers in legal research.

If law societies regulated fees, I suggest it would have two effects (1) increase both the availability of legal services to the poor generally, and the size of the pool of potential clients who could seriously even consider retaining a lawyer, and (2) in the long term, change the character of the legal professional (as a collection of individuals) for the better by making the practice of law more like social work, rather than drawing in the sorts of people who's skills are better employed in such fields as sales and business entrepreneurship.

Not only will the UK lose the ability to influence EU policy making in the field of environmental protection, the legal effects of EU environmental law in the UK's domestic legal order will change as the result of the UK no longer being subject to the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice.

The whole point of an article 218 (11) reference, moreover, was «to forestall the legal complications caused by situations in which the Member States enter into international commitments without the requisite authorisation when, under EU law, they no longer have the necessary legislative competence to put those commitments into effect» (para 47).

LASPO took effect in April 2013, removing legal aid from vast tranches of civil and private family law, including housing (except where an imminent threat of homelessness exists) and social security law.

Effect of Recession But law firm control of the legal services market was doomed, and, as a consequence, so was the unchallenged pre-eminence of the billable hour.

When lawyer Robert P. Bigelow came out with his book Computers and the Law: An Introductory Handbook in 1966, he was so far ahead of his time that a reviewer of the book noted, «The effects of computers upon the legal profession are still basically unknown.»

The Supreme Court ruled in the Head Money Cases that «treaties» (ratified by 2/3 of the Senate as specified in Article II) have the same legal effect in US law as regular legislation passed by Congress (by a simple majority of both houses), which means that Congress can modify or repeal (insofar as US law is concerned) any «treaty» that is ratified by the Senate, by passing a later law that contradicts it, just like it can with regular legislation.

The essential characteristics of the Community legal order which has thus been established are in particular its primacy over the law of the Member States and the direct effect of a whole series of provisions which are applicable to their nationals and to the Member States themselves.»