Sentences with phrase «less as an aerosol»

Thankfully, the feline herpes virus only survives up to 18 hours in a damp environment, and much less as an aerosol and when dry.

Not exact matches

«We suspect that water bound within sea salt, known as hydrates, play a significant role in defining the hygroscopicity of inorganic sea spray aerosol, If true, it means that the particles would take up less water because of the water already present as hydrates and, as a result, they would grow less.

Ironically, if the world burns significantly less coal, that would lessen CO2 emissions but also reduce aerosols in the atmosphere that block the sun (such as sulfate particulates), so we would have to limit CO2 to below roughly 405 ppm.

Even though open windows bring in more ozone from outside, the reduction in the indoor limonene concentration and SOA formation strength more than make up for it, as less secondary organic aerosol is formed inside.

So as time goes on, aerosols will protect us less and less from global warming.

Radiative forcing, especially that due to aerosols, is highly uncertain for the period 1750 - 1850 as there is little modeling and even less data to constrain those models.

And as for IPCC changing conclusions this has happened many times — Lindzen used to point to statements about upper tropospheric water vapour for instance that became less confident from the 1990, 1995 and 2001 reports, similarly uncertainty in aerosol indirect effects has clearly grown over time.]

Except that GHG forcing + cooling aerosol forcing results in less precipitation globally in general than reduced GHG forcing that produces the same global average temperature, as found in «Climate Change Methadone» elsewhere at RC.

Thus the radiation heat balance, according to the IPCC, in the NH must be far less positive than in the SH (as example: a loss of 5 W / m2 TOA due to aerosols in the NH Indian Ocean).

Since aerosols last much longer in the stratosphere than they do in the rainy troposphere, the amount of aerosol - forming substance that would need to be injected into the stratosphere annually is far less than what would be needed to give a similar cooling effect in the troposphere, though so far as the stratospheric aerosol burden goes, it would still be a bit like making the Earth a permanently volcanic planet (think of a Pinatubo or two a year, forever).

It is shown that such photopolarimetric data are highly sensitive to the size distribution and refractive index of aerosol particles, which reduces the nonuniqueness in aerosol retrievals using such data as compared with less comprehensive datasets.

One driver of temperatures in this region is the abundance and variability of ozone, but water vapor, volcanic aerosols, and dynamical changes such as the Quasi - Biennial Oscillation (QBO) are also significant; anthropogenic increases in other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide play a lesser but significant role in the lower stratosphere.

Aerosols are in general less well known that treatment as separate entities would.

Associated with human greenhouse gas production is the release of fine particle known as aerosols which have a temporary cooling effect (they last in the atmosphere less than a week).

However, I am not a «warmista» by any means — we do not know how to properly quantify the albedo of aerosols, including clouds, with their consequent negative feedback effects in any of the climate sensitivity models as yet — and all models in the ensemble used by the «warmistas» are indicating the sensitivities (to atmospheric CO2 increase) are too high, by factors ranging from 2 to 4: which could indicate that climate sensitivity to a doubling of current CO2 concentrations will be of the order of 1 degree C or less outside the equatorial regions (none or very little in the equatorial regions)- i.e. an outcome which will likely be beneficial to all of us.

This is as to be expected, since continued efforts to reduce atmospheric aerosols in the West have resulted in less dimming (more warming), while in the East increasing pollution has caused more dimming (less warming).

As we measure more and more aerosol emission effects, such as soot - published in January - and check on ever - changing factors such as polar ice reduction, more evidence makes us less likely to get it wronAs we measure more and more aerosol emission effects, such as soot - published in January - and check on ever - changing factors such as polar ice reduction, more evidence makes us less likely to get it wronas soot - published in January - and check on ever - changing factors such as polar ice reduction, more evidence makes us less likely to get it wronas polar ice reduction, more evidence makes us less likely to get it wrong.

Matt Ridley writes, «Mr. Lewis tells me that... aerosols (such as sulfurous particles from coal smoke)... have much less cooling effect than thought when the last IPCC report was written.

In all these regions, greenhouse gases are estimated to have caused generally increasing warming as the century progressed, balanced to a greater or lesser degree, depending on the region, by cooling from sulfate aerosols in the middle of the century.»

It means an accumulation of things such as climate changes, animal extinction threats, rising sea levels, ocean acidity, less saline density in the ocean, glacial melting, and less carbon sinks (deforestation) or reversal of sinks to sources, which according to the article below is based upon aerosols.

As Coby said, the key issue here is thermal inertia (and to a lesser extent aerosols).

What does seem to be known is that aerosols fall out of the lower atmosphere (as high as they can be launched with conventional bombs) in days, and persist for less than 2 years when launched into the stratosphere by a major volcanic event like Pinatubo which was equivalent to several H bombs.

Schwartz (2004) notes that the intermodel spread in modeled temperature trend expressed as a fractional standard deviation is much less than the corresponding spread in either model sensitivity or aerosol forcing, and this comparison does not consider differences in solar and volcanic forcing.

Observational evidence suggests that some organic aerosol compounds from fossil fuels are relatively weakly absorbing but do absorb solar radiation at some ultraviolet and visible wavelengths (e.g., Bond et al., 1999; Jacobson, 1999; Bond, 2001) although organic aerosol from high - temperature combustion such as fossil fuel burning (Dubovik et al., 1998; Kirchstetter et al., 2004) appears less absorbing than from low - temperature combustion such as open biomass burning.