There is also the environmental question: trains produce at least four times
less carbon dioxide per mile than planes, and even less when compared with short - haul flights.
In 2015 the economy was 15 percent larger than in 2005, but the country emitted 23 percent
less carbon dioxide per dollar of GDP last year compared with 10 years prior.
Natural gas emits
less carbon dioxide per unit of energy than coal.
Not exact matches
For comparison's sake, potatoes have a
carbon cost of
less than 2 kg of
carbon dioxide per kilogram produced.
By the end of 2006/07 businesses and public sector organisations had implemented
less than 40
per cent of
carbon dioxide savings identified by the trust.
The simulations suggested that the indirect effects of increased CO2 on net primary productivity (how much
carbon dioxide vegetation takes in during photosynthesis minus how much
carbon dioxide the plants release during respiration) are large and variable, ranging from
less than 10
per cent to more than 100
per cent of the size of direct effects.
Replacing some of the lawn with groundcover would mean spending
less weekend time behind a power mower, which produces more
carbon dioxide, not to mention noise,
per mile than any automobile.
Because there is no combustion, fuel cells run extremely cleanly: Their emissions are just water and
carbon dioxide, and they produce
less than half as much CO2
per kilowatt - hour as do traditional power plants.
Despite the strong warming trend of the past 15 years, worldwide temperatures have risen
less than models predict, given the build - up of
carbon dioxide in the air to 25
per cent above pre-industrial levels.
These range from stabilization of atmospheric
carbon dioxide at twice its pre-industrial value by the end of this century (IPCC SRES B1) to continuously increasing atmospheric
carbon dioxide at the rate of a bit
less than 1 %
per year (IPCC SRES A2).
When run in Europe's standardized fuel economy and emissions test cycle, the Flextreme is expected to produce
less than 60 grams of
carbon dioxide per mile.
The company says that over the NEDC standardized European driving cycle, its plug - in diesel hybrid will emit
less than 50 grams of
carbon dioxide per kilometer.
Other models that might be unveiled are a new efficient diesel C - Class that will be on the market by 2011 that uses
less than five liters of fuel
per 100 km and only emits
less than 130g of
carbon -
dioxide per km.
Right now we're taxing sugar - based ethanol at 54 cents
per gallon while we are subsidizing corn - based ethanol at 45 cents
per gallon, even though sugar - based ethanol is cheaper and producing it generates
less carbon dioxide.
In the meantime, the world's poorest two or three billion people, emitting
less than one ton of
carbon dioxide per person
per year (compared to the 20 tons
per - capita average of the United States), could be propelled out of poverty with additional fossil fuel use without substantially interfering with efforts to rein in the richest populations» emissions.
On these numbers alone = ~ 0.5 parts
per million of
carbon dioxide less per year between now and eternity
The disturbing conclusion, documented in a paper I have written with several of the world's leading climate experts, is that the safe level of atmospheric
carbon dioxide is no more than 350 ppm (parts
per million) and it may be
less.
It is like saying that if you drive at 55 miles an hour the
carbon dioxide emissions from your car will be
less than if you drive at 70 miles
per hour.
In their conservative calculations, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that approximately 25 % of deforestation emissions can be abated at a cost of
less than $ 20
per metric ton of
carbon dioxide (tCO2).
It would also mean the damages resulting from
carbon dioxide emissions would be
less for every ton of CO2 emitted (~ 20 tons of CO2 annually
per capita in the US).
Natural gas is much more environmentally friendly than coal, which continues to be the mainstay of electricity production around the world and in the U.K. Gas emits
less than half the CO2
per kilowatt hour produced, and it emits much lower amounts of other pollutants like nitrous oxide, sulfur
dioxide, black
carbon,
carbon monoxide, mercury, and particulates.
The bill would limit emissions for plants that come online between 2009 and 2014, and new plants permitted after Jan. 1, 2015 would need to emit
less than 1,100 pounds of
carbon dioxide per megawatt - hour of output.
Moreover, even when emissions from the generation of electricity (upstream emissions) were considered, electric vehicles produced 21 times
less carbon dioxide equivalent emissions
per year than their gasoline - powered alternatives.
Cities are major contributors to climate change: although they cover
less than 2
per cent of the earth's surface, cities consume 78
per cent of the world's energy and produce more than 60 % of all
carbon dioxide and significant amounts of other greenhouse gas emissions, mainly through energy generation, vehicles, industry, and biomass use.
This decision defined small - scale afforestation or reforestation project activities as those that are expected to result in net anthropogenic GHG removals by sinks of
less than 8 kilotonnes of
carbon dioxide per year.
We would have to develop new technologies that use energy more efficiently, emit
less carbon per unit of energy, remove
carbon from the atmosphere, and / or reduce the harm done by
carbon dioxide.
New and refurbished coal - fired power plants will not be eligible for funding unless they emit
less than 550 grams of
carbon dioxide per kilowatt - hour (gCO2 / kW), which could be met either by a combined heat and power plant or one that also burns biomass.
And you also knew, for example, that that an average gas driven car emitted 4.7 tons of
carbon dioxide per year and an electric car would cut that in half even when powered from the current polluting grid, and much much
less on a life cycle basis from a future global efficient renewable energy system displacing almost all fossil fuels.
A typical advanced coal plant today emits about 1,800 pounds of
carbon dioxide per hour compared with natural gas plants that emit around 800 pounds on average —
less than the proposed new standards.
This has left us with highly variable estimates of project costs, ranging from Klaus Lackner's claim that air capture could be effectuated for
less than $ 100
per ton of
carbon dioxide to more than $ 1000 in a 2011 study, as well as the American Physical Society's estimate of about $ 600
per ton.
That
carbon dioxide level, unsurprisingly in retrospect, is
less than the current 385 ppm (parts
per million).
Current and envisaged
carbon dioxide permit prices of
less than 50 Euros
per tonne will have little impact on the demand for flights - and hence will barely affect the rapid growth in aviation emissions.
«[Fifteen]
per cent of the UK's
carbon dioxide emissions come from cars, and a quarter of our car journeys are
less than two miles long», states Brenda Boardman of Oxford's Environmental Change Institute (6).
«Public transport emits
less than half as much
carbon dioxide per passenger.
Greenhouse gas emissions from coal, gas and oil combustion since the dawn of the 19th century and the coming of the machine - age century have pushed
carbon dioxide ratios in the atmosphere from
less than 300 parts
per million to 400ppm everywhere, and global average temperatures have risen by 1 °C.
The authors found that
carbon emissions could be reduced by roughly one gigaton
per year within five years — equivalent to 3 % of worldwide emissions — if other countries followed the U.K.'s example by switching to natural gas from coal in power stations, as natural gas produces
less than one - half the
carbon dioxide produced by coal.
Supercritical stations burn
less coal
per megawatt - hour produced and so benefit the environment and the electricity consumer.A modern, highly efficient, supercritical coal - fired station with stack gas cleanup is very clean indeed, essentially emitting only water vapor,
carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
They have developed a new way of producing ammonia which reduces nitrogen oxide emissions by 87
per cent, sulphur
dioxide by 95
per cent and
carbon dioxide by 60
per cent — and it uses
less resources.
Roberts responded: «Um... for example,
carbon dioxide... ah... has been, whenever we talk about
carbon dioxide on the ABC... um... you see on the news broadcast billowing steam pouring out, giving people the impression that
carbon dioxide is both... um... colourful and it's also huge in volume when it's
less than 0.04
per cent.»
And a survey by the US General Services Administration found that the first dozen LEED buildings in its portfolio consumed 26
per cent
less energy and produced 33
per cent lower
carbon dioxide emissions than comparable government - owned buildings.
According to Slate.com and a 2005 University of Chicago study, a lacto - ovo vegetarian emits far
less greenhouse gas than an individual on a standard, meat - rich American diet — the difference is equivalent to around 1.5 metric tons of
carbon dioxide per year, assuming the same daily caloric intake.
I am comparing an almost - all -
carbon -
dioxide atmosphere to a
less - than - one -
per - cent
carbon dioxide atmosphere, and I stand by the comparison.
«I will only buy cars that emit
less than 120 grams of
carbon dioxide per kilometre.