It is the central premise behind inflation targeting, and central bankers — essentially without exception — assert that they have the capacity to affect or even determine inflation in the long term, but that they do not have the capacity to affect the average level of output, much
less its growth rate over time, even though they may have the capacity to affect the amplitude of cyclical fluctuations.
Not exact matches
Economies are not expanding fast enough for them to raise interest
rates, but the longer
rates stay low, the
less impact they'll have on
growth.
China «s official unemployment
rate has been around 4 % for years, despite the rapid slowdown in the economy from double - digit
growth to quarter - century lows last year of
less than 7 %.
Even prior to the Trump win, a victory that signaled higher economic
growth, rising interest
rates, and likely
less regulation, all good for financial services, Buffett had secured paper profits over 5 1/2 years of $ 6.9 billion on his preferred.
The compound annual
growth rate for beer overall was
less than 1 % between 2010 and 2016, but low and no beers provided a glimmer of hope at 5.2 %, according to insights firm GlobalData.
«The
growth rate (of non-energy exports) persistently was
less than what we thought should happen and it's gradually building up to something that we have to acknowledge, and we have to say, «Either it comes back someday after firm creation kicks in more strongly» or something,» Poloz said.
From 1997 through 2001, the median
growth rate for companies that had
less than $ 1,000 in seed capital was 846 %, compared with 953 % for companies that were started with more than $ 100,000.
This makes sense; lower
growth should result in bond yields falling, anticipating lower Bank of Canada
rates in the future and
less need for a risk premium around inflation.
Average
growth rates tell a more dramatic tale; here the best - financed companies at start - up pulled far ahead, expanding sales by 2,074 % in five years, nearly 60 % faster than the «
less than $ 1,000» set and 82 % faster than the «$ 20,000 or
less» group as a whole.
The
less distorted (and
less followed) year - over-year
growth rates for output, personal income and consumption were meanwhile showing sluggish readings.
The worst case scenario is that the country will experience what economists call a «hard landing,» essentially a major slowdown in GDP
growth, to
less than 5 % or the approximate
rate of inflation.
In the base year used in the five - year
growth calculation (e.g., 2012), any companies with revenue of
less than $ 200,000 will have their revenue for that period lifted to $ 200,000 for the purpose of calculating five - year
growth that is not grossly exaggerated by immaterial differences in the base - year revenues of otherwise equal candidates (for instance, a company that grows from $ 1 to $ 2 million would have a higher
growth rate than a company that grows from $ 2 to $ 3 million).
In the base year used in the two - year
growth calculation (e.g., 2015), any companies with revenue of
less than $ 200,000 will have their revenue for that period lifted to $ 200,000 for the purpose of calculating two - year
growth that is not grossly exaggerated by immaterial differences in the base - year revenues of otherwise equal candidates (for instance, a company that grows from $ 1 to $ 2 million would have a higher
growth rate than a company that grows from $ 2 to $ 3 million).
Both startup
growth rate and share of scaleups are employment - based measurements, and share of scaleups refers to companies that grew to 50 employees or more in
less than 10 years of operation.
«Those monthly gains are simply unsustainable in an economy with a potential economic
growth rate of
less than 2 percent.»
While banks are offering interest
rates of 1 percent or
less (taxable), many cash - value policies are currently offering tax - free
growth of about 5 percent.
In the first quarter, its index showed 4.8 %
growth —
less than the government's official release of 6.7 %
growth, but the highest
rate Capital Economics» index had measured since the end of 2014.
Although Duncan believes he can contain
growth of health - care spending at 3 % a year, that's
less than half the
rate observed over the past 15 years.
«All this should mean
less inflationary pressure, lacklustre economic
growth, and little upward pressure on interest
rates,» he concluded.
However, if one focuses on the resulting
growth of credit over the recent period or the movements in long - term interest
rates, the effects are
less concerning.
With projected low
growth, the economy would need
less saving and more spending to use resources fully, hence the lower natural
rate of interest.
I have ignored reasons that might justify lower discount
rates or higher GDP adjustments for China mainly because the purpose of this essay is to explain why the U.S. multiple is so much higher than China's, and of course these reasons exist, but I think whatever the correct ratio should be, there is no question that advanced economies always justify higher multiples than developing economies because they tend to be economically more diversified and politically more stable, and they usually have institutions, including clearer legal and regulatory frameworks, more sophisticated capital allocation processes,
less rigid financial systems, and smaller state sectors (which make smooth adjustment, one of the most valuable and undervalued components of long - term
growth, more likely).
Add to this the disappointing ISM report, weakening automobile sales and slightly lower - than - hoped - for GDP
growth in the second quarter, and it seems
less and
less likely we'll see more than one additional
rate hike in 2017.
Historically, the Federal Open Market Committee has looked to the Phillips curve — the inverse relationship between unemployment and the
rate of inflation — for insight into when to dampen
growth, but this seems
less relevant today.
Longer term, a
less open economy could lower the UK's
rate of potential
growth.
Every defense of current P / E ratios must assume either a higher long - term
growth rate than is evident from historical data, or it must assume that investors are willing to hold stocks for a long - term return of substantially
less than 10 %.
This calculator lets you find the annualized
growth rate of the S&P 500 over the date range you specify; you'll find that the CAGR is usually about a percent or two
less than the simple average.
Without a massive transfer of wealth from the state sector to the household sector it will be impossible, I would argue, for GDP
growth rates of anything above 3 - 4 % — and perhaps even
less — to occur without a further unsustainable increase in debt, whether that increase occurs inside or outside the formal banking system and whether or not discipline has been imposed on borrowers.
He has said that he is quite comfortable with economic
growth of around 2 per cent or
less for 2013, even though this would not reduce the unemployment
rate, currently stuck at 7.2 per cent.
«With the Italian 10 - year bond yielding
less than its US counterpart, with clear signs of accelerating
growth and inflation in Europe, and a depressed Euro adding fuel to the fire, assets correlated to European
rates will be vulnerable in 2017,» says Mitchell.
That said, the oldest Boomers are past their «peak consumption years», meaning
less spending on key categories like transportation, housing and apparel, with the windfall more than picked up by their children, netting out to about an average 0.77 % demographic driven annual
growth rate across sectors through 2060.12
With a trailing P / E of
less than 9X, a dividend yield of 5.5 %, and an 8 % dividend
growth rate in 2015, I was happy to close out my position in this Quebec - based bank.
That was on the fear that rising interest
rates would hamper
growth and that returns from
less risky venues would pick up.
Year - over-year adjusted retail sales are up
less than 1 %, the slowest
growth rate since 2009.
Conversely, a return to an unemployment
rate of even 6 % in 2024 would leave the
growth rate of employment over the next 8 years at
less than 0.2 % annually.
If it produces
less than the quarter before, it contracts and the
growth rate is negative.
The metro approved
less than 11,000 new permits a year from 2005 to 2015, a
rate that would need to increase to accommodate both the existing job
growth and the new Amazon workers.
In Canada and the United States, for example, the annual
growth rate of the labour force slowed from around 1 1/4 per cent in 2006 to
less than 1/2 per cent in 2016.11 This decline has reduced potential output
growth and investment demand.
One of the advantages of targeting a level instead of a
growth rate is that it obliges the bank to act more aggressively, making recessions
less severe.
This narrowing in the difference between the
rates of
growth of broad money and total credit implies that, over this period, institutions relied relatively
less on funding sources that are not included in broad money.
As both companies are small (compared to competition) who have lots of potential future
growth, but have already had big bursts of
growth — so
less potential for future
growth at same
rate?
The exceptions are Indonesia and Thailand, where the financial problems have generally proven to be
less tractable, and Hong Kong, where
growth has been constrained by high real interest
rates and the decline in asset prices.
According to the Federal Reserve Board's G. 19 Consumer Credit report, the total amount of consumer credit outstanding rose by 5.2 percent (SAAR) over the 1st quarter of 2017, 2.4 percentage points
less than the 6.6 percent
rate of
growth in the 4th quarter of 2016.
This report also comes out
less than six hours after the Commerce Department had reported that the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) had been revised upward for the second quarter from an initial estimate of 1.5 %
growth to a mildly more reassuring
rate of 1.7 %.
And our productivity
growth rate is
less than half the OECD average.
Today's surprise hike of the central bank's overnight lending
rate to 1.0 per cent comes
less than a week after the latest data for economic
growth showed an impressive expansion of 4.5 per cent for Canada in the second quarter.
The second estimate is 0.1 percent point
less than the 2.6 percent
growth rate recorded in the first or «advance» estimate....
While a low unemployment
rate can indicate tight labour - market conditions, the 2017 average hourly wage of full - time and part - time employees combined grew by only 1.7 per cent — the lowest year - over-year
growth since 1998 and more or
less at the same
rate as consumer price inflation.
The 5 year dividend
growth rate was around 5.9 %, much
less than in the past.
The last five years (2011 — 2015) of that time period showed a significant slowdown of the dividend
growth rate to
less than 6 %.