Finally, we expected
less parental warmth and more parental criticism to be predictive for ADHD + ODD group membership, compared with ADHD - only [23, 43].
Finally, mothers of girls retained for these analyses reported more harsh punishment (F = 28.49, df = 1992, p < 0.001) and
less parental warmth (F = 7.44, df = 1988, p = 0.006).
As defined by psychologists, it's also a style associated with
less parental warmth and responsiveness (Baumrind 1991).
As defined by psychologists, it's also a style associated with
less parental warmth and responsiveness (Baumrind 1991).
Not exact matches
Higher levels of child self - regulation consistently predict more
parental warmth14, 15 and
less parental control.16 Similarly,
parental warmth predicts better child self - regulation, 17 and more negative
parental control predicts poorer child self - regulation.13
With contradictions possibly related to child age, some studies suggest that child negative emotionality elicits more
parental warmth, 10 whereas other studies suggest it has mixed associations with
parental warmth.11 However, there is more consistent evidence that high levels of
parental sensitivity / responsivity lead to
less child negative reactivity.8, 12 There is also some evidence that child negative emotionality predicts more negative
parental control, 7 and a little evidence that negative
parental control predicts more negative emotionality.13 In terms of more specific aspects of negative emotionality, child fearfulness predicts more
parental warmth and more positive control.14 Similarly, low levels of
parental warmth predict increases in fearfulness.12
As the child grows older, the need for
parental proximity to maintain attachment becomes
less important than
parental availability, but
parental warmth and sensitivity are still needed (Kerns, Brumariu & Seibert, 2011).
While
parental monitoring has been shown to be protective with regards to these risk factors,
less understood are the effects of
parental warmth in conjunction with monitoring.