Sentences with phrase «less than at the surface»

That still means that the density of the air in that region will be much less than at the surface.

m of SR at top of the atmosphere is much less than that at the surface of the globe.

Not exact matches

Myths are expressed in symbols and images that reach us less at the surface, cognitive level, than at the level of our inner fantasy world.

Studying preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at St. Louis Children's Hospital, the researchers found that preemies whose daily diets were at least 50 percent breast milk had more brain tissue and cortical - surface area by their due dates than premature babies who consumed significantly less breast milk.

The detailed models produced using the MT imaging data of the southwestern U.S. more accurately portrayed surface structures at a scale of less than 100 kilometers, Liu said, which is important because features like volcanoes and faults are localized phenomena that are harder to predict using larger - scale models.

Spend 40 years by the shores of the Dead Sea, at the lowest elevations on the Earth's surface, and you'll age 48 microseconds less than someone living at sea level, and 750 microseconds less than the residents of La Rinconada in Peru, at an altitude of 5100 metres

When the researchers switched the electric current off by deoxygenating the water, thereby removing the electron acceptor at the sediment surface, the depth of the hydrogen sulfide layer in the sediment rose in less than an hour, as deeper microbes could no longer consume it.

He and his team used InSAR satellites to study surface changes following wastewater injection at two sets of east Texas wells separated by less than 15 kilometers.

They found that although the slab is sinking at a rate of less than 1 cm per year, this slow sinking generates a downward flow in the mantle that is sufficient to pull down the Earth's surface and create these huge basins.

That's because Mercury's brightness at one particular wavelength suggests that there's less than 3 % iron in its surface rocks.

In the new study, researchers placed tiny particles of silicon carbide (one represented by the group of tan molecules in this artist's concept) covered with graphite (hexagonal networks of gray atoms) in a vacuum chamber that duplicated the deep - space conditions surrounding many stars (temperatures between 900 and 1500 kelvins and pressures less than one - billionth that found at Earth's surface).

New Horizons has beamed home less than 2 percent of the data it collected during its historic flyby, and NASA has yet to release any images taken at or near closest approach, when the probe was just 7,800 miles (12,500 km) from Pluto's surface.

The most recent such study, published in Environmental Science & Technology, finds that at least 6,900 oil and gas wells in the U.S. were fracked less than a mile (5,280 feet) from the surface, and at least 2,600 wells were fracked at depths shallower than 3,000 feet, some as shallow as 100 feet.

Most diamonds excavated from the Earth's surface formed at depths of less than 125 miles (200 km), but others, such as the Juina diamonds, have yielded rare, superdeep diamonds.

They are designed to operate fully exposed in the harsh conditions of the Array Operations Site, to survive strong winds, and to keep their smooth reflecting surfaces accurate to at least 25 micrometers (less than the typical thickness of a human hair) under a wide range of air temperature of -20 to +20 degrees.

At solar maximum, typically more than 100 sunspots cover less than one percent of the Sun's surface on average.

From my experience of a couple of years (1980 - 2) the local and regional solar surface flux averaged less than 70 % from flux at the top of the atmosphere (and for some periods of months even much less).

Right now, the ice sheet's surface has about 1.2 times the amount of mass than normal; at the same point in 2012, it had 1.2 times less than normal, Box said.

Less than one day after the official title was announced for Spider - Man: Homecoming at CinemaCon yesterday, another report has surfaced regarding a new cast member.

At times, «Wonderstruck» feels less like storytelling than scaffolding; there's a bit more on - the - surface busyness than its simple, touching tale can fully support.

Even at more than two tonnes, the S 63 rides more deftly over poor surfaces, and the roar from its 20in rubber is less of an intrusion.

Yet despite all this, the D3 is never less than supremely relaxing — cruising quietly and comfortably at speed, pillowing away rougher road surfaces and delivering effortless performance whenever you want it.

Despite costing more than our winner, you get less than four times» the formula per bottle, however it was equally effective at restoring the scratched surface.

And the ride, which is reasonably compliant at middling speeds, can turn choppy and bouncy if the surface is less than perfect.

The NX 300 is still a little brittle at lower speeds over less - than - ideal surfaces, but it's exceptionally secure through the bends in a way that belies the inherent handling limitations of an SUV.

Despite all that, however, C70 convertibles from the first generation surface at less than $ 5,000 on a regular basis.

Its stiffer chassis was significantly quieter over the ribbed surface at about 35 mph than either the Tacoma or Colorado and seemed to rattle and shake about less.

Bite was improved tremendously over the GLH, but at a cost — a slightly harsher ride, and care had to be taken when pushing the car quickly over surfaces that were less than ideal, as the little Omni could lose grip going over bumps.

was finally released, the pound jumped even higher as a knee - jerk reaction because the report looked good on the surface, with the jobless rate for the three months to September unchanged at a record low 4.3 % and the number of people who claimed unemployment benefits increasing only by 1.1 K in October, which is less than the expected 2.9 K increase.

And when the U.K.'s latest jobs report was finally released, the pound jumped even higher as a knee - jerk reaction because the report looked good on the surface, with the jobless rate for the three months to September unchanged at a record low 4.3 % and the number of people who claimed unemployment benefits increasing only by 1.1 K in October, which is less than the expected 2.9 K increase.

Because it has less surface area than individual cubes, it will melt at a much slower pace.

On the surface and at current valuations 5 × 0.7 seems far less than 3 × 2.5.

At home i troll for SM with two lines the longer under surface (less than 10 feet) and the shorter the deeper (30feet) but last time I lost probably a 10 kg which did open the hook because i tight it too much to avoid to mix the surface line or did I was impress by the strike shaking my 14» 29 ″ kayac out by the sea.

So does the less than friendly stereotype painted on a fountain's inner surface, such as booze for a Native American and the threatening face, at least to white eyes, of a black.

Their colors were less garish and more organic, and the randomness of their surface manipulation, rather than offhandedly at odds with itself, added up to a freewheeling, spontaneous syntax.

Vigorous convective mixing in the deep tropics also dilutes changes in near - surface CO2 much more than at higher latitudes, so low - altitude sampling contains relatively less information about carbon sources and sinks.

I should add (after looking at the references he gives) that of course the US covers about 3.5 % of the Earth's surface and that Boston is slightly less than that.

Even if we assume that all the mass of the sun is at its surface on the equation (I'm too lazy to carry out the 3 - dimensional integration over variable density), the solar angular momentum is 2 * 10 ^ 30 kg x 7 * 10 ^ 8 m * 1 * 10 ^ 3 m / s, or about 1.5 * 10 ^ 41 kg - m ^ 2 / s — about a hundred times less than Jupiter's.

In terms of the gold that a climate science denier might find in the paper, at the very least, they could argue that the fact that the troposphere isn't warming more quickly than the surface shows that the climate models are unreliable — even though the models predict just the pattern of warming that we see — with the troposphere warming more quickly than the surface over the ocean but less quickly than the surface over land.

If not for the temperature discontinuity, then the radiation coming from the surface would be less than what fits the linear T ^ 4 pattern, with the biggest difference at angles near vertical.

Before allowing the temperature to respond, we can consider the forcing at the tropopause (TRPP) and at TOA, both reductions in net upward fluxes (though at TOA, the net upward LW flux is simply the OLR); my point is that even without direct solar heating above the tropopause, the forcing at TOA can be less than the forcing at TRPP (as explained in detail for CO2 in my 348, but in general, it is possible to bring the net upward flux at TRPP toward zero but even with saturation at TOA, the nonzero skin temperature requires some nonzero net upward flux to remain — now it just depends on what the net fluxes were before we made the changes, and whether the proportionality of forcings at TRPP and TOA is similar if the effect has not approached saturation at TRPP); the forcing at TRPP is the forcing on the surface + troposphere, which they must warm up to balance, while the forcing difference between TOA and TRPP is the forcing on the stratosphere; if the forcing at TRPP is larger than at TOA, the stratosphere must cool, reducing outward fluxes from the stratosphere by the same total amount as the difference in forcings between TRPP and TOA.

It isn't really important to the Earth's energy budget what the outgoing flux is at some great distance of the Earth; for the OLR, I think TOA can be approximated as having a radius on the order of 1 % larger — or less — than the radius at the surface.

Actually, though, most of the OLR originates from below the tropopause (can get up around 18 km in the tropics, generally lower)-- with a majority of solar radiation absorbed at the surface, a crude approximation can be made that the area emitting to space is less than 2 * (20/6371) * 100 % ~ = 0.628 % more than the area heated by the sun, so the OLR per unit area should be well within about 0.6 % of the value calculated without the Earth's curvature (I'm guessing it would actually be closer to if not less than 0.3 % different).

One thing I would have liked to see in the paper is a quantitative side - by - side comparison of sea - surface temperatures and upper ocean heat content; all the paper says is that only «a small amount of cooling is observed at the surface, although much less than the cooling at depth» though they do report that it is consistent with 2 - yr cooling SST trend — but again, no actual data analysis of the SST trend is reported.

At much longer wavelengths, given the surface temperature (which won't change much by introducing a small amount of absorption), the skin temperature would only be a bit more than half of the surface temperature (example: for a surface temperature of 250 K and a small amount of atmospheric absorption at 200 microns, the skin temperature would be about 56 % of the surface temperature), which could be less than the temperature even at TOAt much longer wavelengths, given the surface temperature (which won't change much by introducing a small amount of absorption), the skin temperature would only be a bit more than half of the surface temperature (example: for a surface temperature of 250 K and a small amount of atmospheric absorption at 200 microns, the skin temperature would be about 56 % of the surface temperature), which could be less than the temperature even at TOat 200 microns, the skin temperature would be about 56 % of the surface temperature), which could be less than the temperature even at TOat TOA.

The thermal coefficient of expansion of sea water is also less virtually anywhere in the ocean than it is at the tropical surface.

So that, while the surface area may be greater this year compared with last year, the volume of ice in the Arctic this year is probably already less than at the same time last year.

me warming of the earth's temperature, but that the observed rate of warming (both at the earth's surface and throughout the lower atmosphere) is considerably less than has been anticipated by the collection of climate models upon whose projections climate alarm (i.e., justification for strict restrictions on the use of fossil fuels) is built.

The world's wetlands too — often at risk from human exploitation — cover less than 6 % of the planet's land surface, but they hold the most carbon per hectare.

Now, when the energy received directly from the Sun at the surface of Venus is less than 10 % of what we receive on Earth, then there is less than 10 % coming back as back radiation — far less in fact.