Not exact matches
Researchers used two methods to track groundwater
levels, traditional water balance estimates — which take into account surface water inflow like rainfall and snow melt, soil moisture capacity and
evapotranspiration — and data from NASA's twin satellite system called GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment).
Since the
evapotranspiration rates of the study's cropping systems held steady across several years of varying precipitation
levels, the study also suggests that crop
evapotranspiration rates may not be as sensitive to climate change as is currently assumed.
Deforestation also contributes to decreased
evapotranspiration, which lessens atmospheric moisture and precipitation
levels.
Water
levels are influenced by the amount of evaporation from decreased ice cover and warmer air temperatures, by
evapotranspiration from warmer air temperatures, and by potential increases in inflow from more precipitation.
Downwelling long - wave infrared (LWIR) radiation (DLR) is supposed to increase evaporation and
evapotranspiration according to AGW due to increasing GHG effect from CO2
levels.
Plants response to higher CO2
levels result in less water utilation for photosynthesis (esp C4) which results in large gains of leaf growth (more growth for same water)-- forcing
evapotranspiration to increase.
We find a close agreement between the CESM - based hindcasts and the Markov model, indicating that the largest contribution to the predictive skill of soil water on interannual to decadal timescales in CESM can be attributed to the damped persistence, which is partly governed by the
evapotranspiration (Delworth and Manabe 1988), the total runoff, and the diffusion of soil moisture into the deeper soil
levels as shown in the Eq.
Gornitz et al. (1997) estimate that
evapotranspiration of water from irrigated land leads to an increase in atmospheric water content and hence a fall in sea
level of 0.14 to 0.15 mm / yr.
Sahagian et al. (1994) and Sahagian (2000) estimate that the reduced volumes of the Caspian and Aral Seas (and associated ground water) contribute 0.03 and 0.18 mm / year to sea
level rise, on the assumption that the extracted water reaches the world ocean by
evapotranspiration.
An important contribution to present day sea
level rise could result from changes in the amount of water stored in the ground, on the surface in lakes and reservoirs, and by modifications to surface characteristics affecting runoff or
evapotranspiration rates.
A decrease in summertime precipitation, coupled with increased
evapotranspiration, can lead to a reduction in inland freshwater
levels at mid latitudes.
«The evaporation and
evapotranspiration levels considerably exceed rain precipitation, besides the erosion caused by infiltration,» explains Coronado.