In an attempt to answer the question of whether genes that show high levels of variability across different species could also be useful in population -
level evolutionary studies, scientists in Brazil, Singapore, and the United Kingdom teamed up to test the utility of numerous genes previously found to be useful in inferring relationships of cactus species.
Not exact matches
«Much of our historical data about species» population -
level responses to climate change comes from observational
studies, which can suggest but not confirm causation,» said Anne Marie Panetta, lead author of the
study and a post-doctoral researcher in CU Boulder's Department of Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology (EBIO).
Part of that research will require returning to the Bajau and Saluan communities, and collecting more physiological measurements beyond spleen size — such as
levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood, says Cynthia Beall, an
evolutionary anthropologist at Case Western Reserve University who did not work on the
study.
Pruitt and Goodnight's
study of spiders shows that a group -
level adaptation — a critical ratio of two types of females — is, in fact, a potent
evolutionary force in nature.
The
study, published by PNAS journal, gives clues about the importance of music at an
evolutionary level based on the connection between the auditory and emotional areas of the brain.
On the GRFP application, the field of
study options contain a higher -
level primary field (Engineering, Life Sciences, etc.) and a specialty field (Mechanical Engineering,
Evolutionary Biology, etc.).
Another anecdote, this time elevated to «case
study»
level, because physicians penned it, comes from the
Evolutionary Medicine Working Group, in Budapest, Hungary [Tot2016].
Louis (1989), drawing from a survey and case -
study investigation of initiatives in urban secondary schools, identified four district -
level approaches to school improvement: innovation implementation (uniform processes and outcomes),
evolutionary planning (uniform processes, variable outcomes), goal - based accountability (variable processes, uniform outcomes), and professional investment (variable processes and outcomes).
Louis (1989), drawing upon a large - scale survey and case
studies of effective schools initiatives in urban secondary schools (Louis and Miles, 1990) identified four district -
level approaches to school improvement varying in terms of the uniformity of process and outcomes intended: implementation strategy;
evolutionary planning; goal - based accountability; and professional investment.