At
every level of aggregation we lose insight into what is actually going on with students, so rather than being valid and actionable, a combined subgroup seems to blur what the data means.
In striking the necessary balance, there is no avoiding
a level of aggregation above the school and classroom level, because the impact of most education interventions is small relative to the variation in student achievement at any point in time.
We need new organizational structures such as the efficacy networks to provide
some level of aggregation, while preserving the local context.
Since the benefits of large - scale investments in human talent accrue powerfully to society as a whole, and are not necessarily visible to individual parents, students, local or state officials, it is important for the national government to keep policy focused on
this level of aggregation.
Making education uniform at too high of
a level of aggregation ignores the diversity of needs of our children as well as the diversity of opinion about how best to serve those needs.
Also, while I understand the rationale for not offering a single summative score for a school, I think that
some level of aggregation would improve on what's available now.
We asked about teacher salaries at the level of the state, rather than the specific district, because that is the lowest
level of aggregation for which information on actual salaries is readily available nationwide.
Unfortunately, I haven't be able to uncover this for civil small arms ownership at
any level of aggregation.
There are significant unresolved issues in all studies - about the adequacy of controls for family background, the possibility of differential bias at different
levels of aggregation, and the use of weak measures of achievement and spending.
Perhaps both we and the CRP authors agree that we can not infer anything from the comparisons made at such high
levels of aggregation.
This type of data is needed to accurately describe changes in diversity as students move between sectors because there is significant variation in student demographics at the school level that is often obscured when examining the issue at higher
levels of aggregation (e.g. comparing charters as a group to surrounding school district or metropolitan area) and can complicate the drawing of valid inferences about the relationship between public school choice and racial sorting.
Not exact matches
As more examples
of useful protein
aggregation are identified, it should become clear how aggregates are regulated so that they do not reach toxic
levels associated with diseases.
As a model
of IAPP
aggregation, we used Tg mice overexpressing hIAPP at four - to fivefold
levels of endogenous mouse IAPP (Janson et al., 1996).
With his Pioneer Award, Ismagilov will develop droplet - based microfluidic technologies for quantitative studies
of protein
aggregation diseases and aging at the molecular
level and in entire organisms.
We estimated familial
aggregation of CVD mortality for twins offering the maximum
level of risk due to genetic and other familial factors.
Glycation is a factor
of glucose concentration exposure and time, with more AGEs forming upon longer exposure to higher concentrations
of glucose.33 It follows that in a body that is hyperinsulinemic, and a brain that is insulin - resistant, the peripheral hyperinsulinism will inhibit the clearance
of soluble Aβ by IDE, thereby causing it to remain in the extracellular space for an extended amount
of time, and the functional «hyperglycemia» in the brain will provide an elevated
level of glucose — the perfect storm for glycation
of Aβ and its
aggregation into insoluble plaques.
-- Several studies have shown that stress (due to elevated adrenaline
levels) increases the risk
of platelet
aggregation.
With real - time questioning, result
aggregation, and visualization, teachers have instant insight into
levels of understanding so they can use class time more wisely and help their students grow.
The user can choose the
level of regional
aggregation.
Outputs may be viewed for any
of these
aggregation levels, in graphs,.
It assumes that the
level of distributive justice within a society is a function
of the wellbeings
of individuals, which means it can be reflected in the
aggregation of wellbeing.
In the simplest case, the total social benefit from
level x
of good X is simply a sum across individuals
of the individual benefits that result from a
level x
of good X. (I'm glossing over some very interesting issues here, especially interpersonal comparability
of benefit, and whether additivity is the right
aggregation rule, but that's life in a vanilla utilitarian world.)
Qualcomm's X16 modem brings 4x carrier
aggregation with a total bandwidth
of up to 80 MHz and gigabit -
level peak theoretical speeds, while the Intel XMM 7480 offers a peak theoretical speed
of 600Mb / s and 4x carrier
aggregation with two channels limited to 10 MHz for overall bandwidth
of 60 MHz.
As the entry -
level model
of our MediaTek LTE Cat - 6 portfolio, the MT6738 pairs a power - effiecient 64 - bit quad - core processor with MediaTek's new - generation modem technologies that include worldwide 4G spectrum and enables Carrier
Aggregation.
This article focuses on the MDI development and validation, and not on school - or neighborhood -
level aggregation of data, neighborhood -
level linkage to socio - economic status data, or longitudinal, child -
level linkage to data on earlier or later education or health outcomes.