Sentences with phrase «level of doping»

They studied how this spontaneous voltage depends on the current direction, temperature, and the chemical composition (the level of doping by strontium, which controls the electron density).

In the copper - oxide material, instead of raising the temperature, the scientists raise the level of doping to «melt» the density waves at a particular «critical point.»

But subsequent scans taken as more charge carriers were added revealed that the static pattern disappeared and electrons began to flow freely in all directions at exactly the same level of doping — close to the point at which the most robust superconductivity sets in.

Not exact matches

If you're willing to accept the fact that American riders in the early aughts were competing on a relatively level playing field with regards to doping, then you have to accept that, perhaps, they were just a special group of individual athletes.

What difference does it make, with a dope like Arsene as manager we could sign Messi and he would find a way of dragging him down to our level.

Evidence about referees, about injury levels, about media manipulation, about the corruption of the transfer market, about financial doping...

The six - time Paralympic gold medallist can't wait to get his season started but says he hopes he is competing on a level playing field after news of Polish wheelchair racer Tomasz Hamerlak's four - year doping ban

First they doped a lithium niobate crystal with traces of iron and manganese, which created traps for the electrons by adding a new set of energy levels.

«Organic - conjugated polymers are emerging as a materials class for energy - related applications, enabling a path to a more sustainable energy landscape without the need of energy - intensive, expensive and sometimes toxic metal - based compounds,» the researchers wrote, concluding that «a model polymer, P (NDI2OD - T2), was stably and reversibly n - doped to a high doping level of 2.0, a significant progress for electron - transporting π - conjugated polymers.

The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA)-- not part of WADA — for instance, built a 2004 doping case against sprinter Michelle Collins in part on indirect evidence, including years of urine tests that showed «extreme fluctuations» in her testosterone levels.

But others say that spikes of these chemicals, at levels much higher than normal, are a red flag for doping.

However, it had been difficult to understand the mechanism of carrier doping at the microscopic level.

The position and density of the doping elements can be controlled in these ribbons, which, in turn, allows the electronic properties of the ribbons themselves to be controlled on the atomic level.